Index of Subjects

With the exception of these specific pages, which are in clusive, the numbers in each instance refer to the first page of a discussion. A page number followed by a figure in parentheses indicates the number of a footnote reference. Accounting, 124 Alpaca, 30 Administrative organization, 134-40, Altruism, 199 160 Amautas development, 205 drama, 193 healers, 191 law, 282(15) records interpreted, 37, 282(15) refuge, 314(87) religious head, 47 schools, 39, 45, 118 writing, 123 Amazons, 286(71), 333(227) Anacu J 98 Anaconas J 53 Andenes J 63 Andes, 2, 14, 215 Animals, 29, 281(57), 283(33), 297(106), 337(264) Antisuyu J 134 Apichu, 29 Apurimac, 6, 152 Arapa, 295(85) Arawak, 288(107) 424 Index of Subjects 425 Architecture, 110, 187, 313(71), 314(84-103) Arica, 148 Army, 176, 179, 181, 288(104); see also War Art, 187, 343(7) As;adcs, 9 Astrology, 344(25-26) Astronomy, 190, 344(26) Atabalippa, 225 Atacama, 148 Atahualpa army, 181 capture, 359(21) civil war, 21 death, 55, 211 followers, 38, 285(51) morality, 225 Spaniard's tribute, 39 Tomebamba destroyed, 338(10) Aucaypata, 118 A uchenia, 30 Australians, 9, 355(6) Author's views, 232-68 Autocracy,. 92, 174; see also Government Avachumbi, 158 Ayllo, 178 Ayllu class, 137, 289(11) defined, 19, 289(12), 290(16), 297(105) descendants, 289(11) evolution, 56, 57, 58 frequency, 133 hunting, 310(29) property, 61, 62, 79, 297(100) socialism, 91 Aymara empires, 202 language, 15, 57, 274(49) lineage, 16, 274(51), 354(52) trade, 334(222) Ayrihua, 290(26) Aztecs, 170, 290(28), 339(11) Banos, 335(243) Barbarians, 209-12, g4'7(b'7) Barce, 332(193) Barter, 163, 172, 336(253), 351(10) Behetrlas, 9, 270(9) Benalcazar, 190 Bibliographies, 237, 359-66, 371-414 Birds, 74, 251(51), 282(22) Bolas, 178 Bolivia, 85, 274(57) Bolivar, 83, 214 Bolsones, 4 Bones, 110 Bookkeeping, 37, 126 Borla, 38, 41, 155, 282(21) Bridges burned, 329(162) current existence, 328(154) feat, 151 lacking, 331(188) separated for sexes, 329(116) toll, 171, 337(259-60) Buildings architecture, 110, 187, 313(71) description, 313(74) palaces, 115, 315(96-100) replaced, 279(32) temples, 114, 286(66), 313(69), 315(95) see also Housing Bureaucracy, 134 Caballito de totora, 158 Cabeceras, 4 426 Index of Subjects Cacique~ 49, 78, 190, 352(17) Cajabamba, 328(156) Cajamarca, 115, 116, 148, 330(179) Cajas de comunidad~ 299(134) Calancha, 152, 320(17) Calendar, 290(26), 344(25-26) Calicuchima, 47 Camellones~ 73 Canals, 63 Caiiar, 12, 26, 124, 177, 318(6), 338(10) Caiias, 305(22) Cannibalism, 40 Capac, Atahualpa. See Atahualpa Capac, Huascar, 21 Capac, Huayna army, 177 celebrations, 195 conquest, 340(35) councils, 41 empire divided, 21 fortifications, 341(47) influence, 194 population, 24 rafts, 331(189) reign, 21, 167, 183 rod, use, 123 succession, 43 war, 181, 183, 338(11) writing, 123, 318(6) yanacuna ~ 54 Capac, Manco, 19, 20, 298(121) Capac, Mayta, 20 Capital, national, 95; see also Money Caranquis, 40 Caras, 26, 77, 181, 204, 296(93), 339(12) Casta, 84, 294(64) Caste system, 223, 281(1) Casticismo, 210 Caudillos~ 216, 350(2) Celebrations, 101, 168, 195, 335(240, 243), 346(49-54) Census, 85, 128, 305(23), 339(11) Cen tral America, 11, 12 Ceramics, 121, 187 Chachapoya, 194 Chaco~ 310(32) Chancay, 188 Chan chan, 13 Chanes, 288(107) Changos, 158 Charity, 202 Charqui~ 95, 306(3) Chasqiuis, 154, 155 Chavin, 12 Chibchas bravery, 341(37) Colombia, 17, 358(7) education, 285(60) marriages, 26, 277(8), 279(20) private property, 92 punishment, 332(199) slavery, 40 writing, 318(5) Chicha, 97, 262 Chile, 78, 296(94) Chillcaras, 322(47) Chillhue, 322(47) Chimu, 3, 13, 24, 272(30), 322(45), 343(7) China, 293(61) Chincha, 28, 74, 271(51), 291(30), 347(4) Chinchasuyu~ 134 Chonta~ 106, 110, 164 Chozas, 154, 329(169) Chumpi,98 Chunca-camayu~ 134 Chuno, 96, 145, 172 Index of Subjects 427 Chuquisaca, 148 Cities, 316(113) Civil Code, 83 Civilization birth of, 1 clash, 209 Chavln. 12 Inca, brief survey, 186-97 promoted, 89 Tiahuanaco, 16 Clans, 289(10) Class status, 54; see also Elite

Classification, horizontal vs. vertical, 236 Climate, 1, 4, 6, 7, 35, 279(30), 309(13) Clothing, 54, 98, 307(23), 324(94) Coca, 296(96), 309(13), 334(228), 342(60) Cocadas~ 307(14) Cocaine, 97 Colcampata, 59 Collahuaya, 191 Collas, 343(5) Collasuyu, 134 Collectivism cultivation, 299(134) individualism, 86, 303(2) Japanese, 298(110) land, 60-62 Peru, 89, 290(29) Russian farms, 290(29) Collectors in Peru, 242-50 Colonization, 212-14, 244-50 Colono, 217 Commerce, 335(246); see also Trade Communication, 7, 147-59, 329(167 77) Comunidades, 64, 83, 290(29) Communism, 60, 92, 291(29), 297(100); see also Socialism Community agrarian. See Agrarian community chest, 299(134) decimal system of administration, 290(211) division, 64 family, 57 guarantees, 84 law, 83, 301(146), 356(14) organization, 86, 290(16) Russian vs. Peru, 290(29) size, 301(151) Computer, 124 Conopa~ 57, 101 Conquests. See Spain, conquests Conquistadors land claims, 351(10) marriage, 27 pride of birth, 210 rewards. 299(135) traits, 350(2) Conservation and provisionment, 104-106 Consumption. See Production and consumption Copacabana, 322(52) Coporaque, 85 Cordilleras, 2, 3, 26, 148, 181, 279(30), 327(136) Cortes, 41 Costa~ 2 Cotton, 316(115) Couriers, 153, 329(167-76) Cowardice, 181 Coyor, 116 Craftsmen, 188 Creoles, 350(2) Criados perpetuos, 51 428 Index of Subjects Crops, 262, 292(48), 296(95-98) Cultivation collective, 295(83), 299(134) methods, 63, 72-74, 262, 292(41), 295(87) order, 71-72 soil, 70-71, 296(90-94) Cuna, 287(89) Cundinamarca, 342(60) Curacas agricultural service, 73 bailiffs, 201 chroniclers' references, 9 cultivation, 295(87) flocks bestowed, 69 furniture, 98 gifts, 69, 72 heir, 51, 291(30) judicial power, 159 marriage, 25 ownership, 76, 109, 299(131), 347(4) personal services, 141 position, 90, 135 removal, 287(78) replacement, 161 rulers, 9, 49, 62 servants, 52 taxation, 142, 143, 321(27) Curinquingue, 38 Cushma, 62, 98 Customs earring, 285(59) hanan-hurin, 346(49) lice, 325(104) local, 282(17), 284(43-49), 287(82) marriage, 24, 27, 217, 277-79 (7-29) religious, 47, 215, 286(66), 315(101) women, 194 Cutec" 90 Cuzco construction, 90, 117 court, 38 culture, 189 festivals, 194 formation, 324(87) guards, 177 idleness, 101, 308(6, 8) Incas, 19 land, 24, 28, 295(85) language, 93 metals, 172 prison, 161 reconstruction, 90 residents, 139 roads, 118 schools, 45 site, 6 socialism, 77 temples, 114 trade, 169 Dances, 347(51, 54) Decimal system, 123 Decurion, 136 Delinquency, 161 Demands, Inca, 95-99, 100-21, 122-75, 221, 306(1) Deserts, 4, 5 Despotism, 92, 349(49) Dessa,60 Dialects, 304(17) Dictionaries Chimu, 272(30) Quechua, 304-05(18-23) Distribution, 62-70, 146, 291(29), 362(125); see also Trade Divinization of anomalies, 286(66) Dizaines" 323(58) Djemaa" 68 Index of Subjects 429 Documentation inadequate, 244 Dolmens, 112 Doors, 314(88) Dorsey, 169 Dramas, 46, 193, 345(37-42), 356(21); see also Ollantay Drinking, 97, 306(9, 13), 94B(42) Easter Island, 313(77) Economic stabilization through stock piling, 144-46 Ecuador Cafiaris, 124 fish, 281(51) geography, 270(7) mining, 107, 108 people, 17 polygamy, 26 property, 77 Republic, 3, 12 tools, 296(93) weaving, 317(127) Education elite, 45, 233, 285(60) language, 305(21-23) need,217 Egypt, 276(2) Eighteenth century Inca, 221, 226-31, 253-54 Elections, 84 Elite beliefs, 36 caste versus, 223, 281(1) characteristics, 43-51 education, 45, 233, 285(60) influence, 284(49) private property, 75-80 Embalming, 189 Empire area, 184 Aymara, 202 economic basis, 23-32 expansion, 176-85 eyewitnesses, 238-40 planned, 89, 123 social basis, 33-55 see also Covernm.ent; Inca; Peru Eneas, 98 Encomenderos description, 81, 103 language, 305(21) marriage, 27 tax due, 143, 325(110) Encomienda, 27, 81, 299(135), 325(110) Endogamy, 278(13) Engineering, 151 Epidemics, 277(3), 351(12) Esmeraldas, 274(55) Est6lica, 178 Espinosa, 107 Eten, 13 Ethnology, 261 Europe, socialistic, 89 Exchange. See Money; Trade Exogamy, 278(13) Eyewitnesses of Inca Empire, 238-40

Fabrics, 120 Fairs, 168, 335(240, 243) Family ayllu, 57, 58 counting, 303(2) Indian, 217, 278(11) inheritance, 85, 309(23) lineage, 354(52) marriage, 277-79(7-29) regard, 57, 202 reward, 335(241) work, 293(54) position, 20I public works, 330(185) ruling class, 223, 356(14) socialistic. See Socialism tax. See Taxation tyranny, 347(10) women controlled, 346(45) see also Sovereignty Guano, 296(97), 310(26) H acendado J 201 Hanan and hurin army, 177 customs, 346(49) descendants, 139 defined, 324(87) division, 118, 137, 139 Hanancuzco J 139 Happiness, heresy, 205-08, 285(59) Haravicu~ 192 Batun pocoYJ 290(26) Hatunruna clothing, 54 comnlon law, 94 land, 70 population, 288(109) position, 34, 51 Heads shaped, 186, 342(3-5), 343(13) of Subjects colonial, 212-14, 244-50 communistic, 60, 92, 291(29), 297(100) despotic, 92, 349(49) elections, 84 imperialistic, 42, 199 intervention, 89 organization, 134 personal service, 140-43 planning, 89, 123, 316(105-07, 113) population movement. See Migra tion Index430 61) Furniture, 98 Famine, 349(50) Fanega~ 66, 293(59) Farming. See Agrarian community Ferry, aerial, 328(156) Fertilizer, 74 Festivals, 191, 195, 335(243), 345(30) Fiscal~ 136 Fish, 281(51), 296(98), 311(34) Fishing, 331(193) Food fish, 281(51), 296(98), 311(34) kinds of, 107, 280(34-39), 296(96 97), 306(3-14) plateau, 28 preparation, 95 Fortifications, 184, 341(47), 324(51, Galapagos Islands, 331(191) Garcia, Alejo, 167 Garuchec~ 109 Gate of the Sun, 15 Genealogy, 19, 275(67-69) Geography, 1, 190, 270(7) Geometry, 190 Gifts, 69, 72, 297(104, 106), 340(24) Gobernacion menor~ 201 Goldsmiths, 108, 188, 343(12) Government administrative organization, 134-40, 160 agrarian. See Agrarian community arbitrary, 352(19) autocratic, 92, 174 bureaucratic, 134 capitalistic, 95 centralized, 61 check, 41 collectivistic. See Collectivism Index of Subjects 431 Health diet, 28, 32 disease, 345(30) epidemics, 277(3), 351(12) labor, 102 medicine, 191 protection, 308(11-12), 309(13) Heredity. See Inheritance Heresy of happiness, 205-08 Hierarchy, 35, 47, 201 Highways. See Road~ Hihuana, 311(35) Historians and moralists, 225-26, 232, 262-63 Historical sources, 232-68 Hostelry, 328(146) Housing construction, 117, 314(88) description, 98 locks, 314(89) ownership, 291(30) shelters, 329(169-70) Virgins of the Sun, 25 see also Buildings Huacac, Yahuar, 20, 322(49) Huahua, 304(19) Huaira, 109 Huamachuco, 113, 148, 313(74), 322 (46), 328(156) Huamanca, 290(30) Huancavelica, 110, 312(63) Hanancuzco, 20, 139 Huanuco, 148 Huara,98 Huaracu, 45, 97, 103 Huascar, 21, 181, 338(10) Humboldt Current, 2, 10, 270(3), 281(51) Hunting, 105, 310(29, 31-32) Hunu-camayu, 135 Hunu distribution, 146 judgm:ent, 159 population demands, 141 Tacna, 324(98) Rurin. See Hanan and hurin Idleness, 101, 308(6, 8) Idols, 289(11) Impedidos, 71 Imperialism, 42, 199 Incas agrarian policy, 62-64, 292(48, 50) army, 177, 182 Caras, 181 check, 42 civilization, brief survey, 186-97 conquests, 179, 298(112); see also Spain, conquests court, 38, 282(23) customs, 284(43) defined, 274(51) demands, 95-99 descendants, 244-50, 274(51), 353 (40) dynasty surveyed, 17 economic basis of Empire, 23-32 eighteenth century, 221, 22631 Empire era of colonization, 244-50 expansion, 176-85 eyewitnesses of, period of con quest, 238-40 post-conquest arrivals: era of transition, 240-42 modern authors: 19th century, 254-59 modern authors: 20th century 1926, 259-62 432 Index of Subjects period of transition, 18th cen tury, 253-54 present-day writers since 1926, 264-68 genealogy, 19, 275(67-69) guard, 177 hunting, 105, 310(29, 31-32) influence, 140, 220-31 inheritance, 284(46, 48) lands, 62, 295(83), 299(131) language. See Language obstacles, 91 Pachacutec, 90 physical type, 285(61) population, 26, 51-55 position, 286(63) power, 41, 159 regard, 40 residence, 133 reverence, 347(9) rulers and ruled, 33-55 social basis of Empire, 33-55 socialistic, 173-75, 183 sovereigns, 19, 358(12) standard of living, 95, 100 supply, 100-21

supreme chief, 34 taxation, 79 twentieth century emergence, 231 Indians Asiatic or Australian origin, 9 attitudes, 354(40) bravery, 341(37) characteristics, 6, 216 description, 8 evaluated, 197, 201, 204 family, 217, 278(11) historians, 8, 19 irrigation, 63 labor, 295(83) language. See Language law, 34 outlook, 198, 348(18-24) physical type, 359(14) Pizarro's reward, 347(14) plateau, 8 present-day, 215, 218 Protector, 353(28) quipu, 125 religion, 34 slavery, 52, 288(100) society, 51 Individualism, 82, 86, 88, 198-205, 303(2) Industrial techniques, 106-21, 120 Inequalities, 61, 168 Inheritance intelligence, 349(47) Koya~ 284(46, 48) land, 85, 291(30) occupation, 104, 309(23) power, 42 property, 291(30) rank, 51, 287(82) Initiative, ,200 Innovations, 349(48) Insurrections, 355(54) Inter-American Demographic Con gress, 353(35) Interventionism, 89; see also Government Inventiveness, 347(13) Irrigation, 63, 292(41) Isolation, 218 Japan, 285(59), 293(54), 298(110) Java, 60 Jesuits, 220, 302(159) Jivaros, 12, 26, 343(13) 433 power, 37, 282(15-17) recalled, 352(19) religion, 34-38, 282(14) royal, 300(138), 305(21), 325(110) succession, 50 Laya J 73 Laziness, 101, 306(6, 8) League, length, 327(143), 329(169) Leather, 120 Leisure, 10I, 308(6, 8) of Subjects designated, 85, 298(121) distribution, 62, 64-70, 347(4) inheritance, 85, 291(30) Inca, 62, 281(57), 295(83), 299(131) Language Aymara, 16, 57, 274(49) Cuzco, 93 dialect, 304(17) dictionaries, 272(30), 304-05(18-23) Inca, 288(107) Indian, 10, 232 Maoris, 10 Quechua confusion, 357(1) dictionaries, 304-05(18-23) formation, 10 inherited, 216 required, 93, 94 reproduced, 232 Lautu~ 38 Law civil, 83 common, 159 community, 83, 301(146), 356(14) economic, 334(228) flexibility, 174 Pachacutec, 93 penal, 161 population movement. See Migra tion Index Jauja, 148, 168 Justice, 159 Kings. See Sovereigns Knots, 3, 123,319(14-15, 17), 358(7) Ko" 293(54) Kolkhozes~ 290(29) Kon-Tiki, 10, 271(15) Koya~ 42, 47, 284(46, 48) Labor agriculture, 70, 290(28), 295(83) attitude, 295(83) division, 103-04, 294(81) health, 102 inherited, 104, 309(23) obligatory, 100-03 population, 27 problem, 351(12) rotated, 82 Spanish kings' views, 103 techniques, 106-21 Lake Bomb6n, 331(189) Lake Guanacache, 273(35) Lake Titicaca fish, 281(51) inhabitants, 204, 279(29), 322(52) land division, 67, 85 laws, 83 location, 6, 14 ownership, 60-62, 78, 295(85), 298 (126, 129) shortage, 24, 28 tenure, 60, 78 Land apportionment, 291(30), 293(54, 6165) conquistadors' claims, 351(10) Cuzco, 24, 28, 295(85) of Subjects Mayoral, 323(62), 348(17) Measures of provisionment and conservation, 104-06 Measurement, 123, 293(59) Medicine, 191; see also Health Mediocrity, 203 Men citizenship deprived, 27 common, 51 menagerie of happy, 198-208 red, 10, 215, 218 status of, 194 white, 181, 214, 215, 341(37), 355 (54) Mestizos, 215 Metallurgy, 107, 343(12) Metals, 172, 311(44), 312(58, 63), 336 (257) Mexico, 170, 228, 336(257), 353(38) Migration direction, 18 misin terpreted, 274(59) movements, 130-34, 156, 322(49, 52 53) trends, 11 Mileage, 155 Military celebrations, 196 description, 176 guard, 338(10) habits, 180, 338(9), 340(22-29) result, 340(22) size, 177, 338(10-11) units, 338(7) use, 158, 179, 181, 339(21) Minca, 70 Mining, 107, 301(142), 308(11), 358 (11) Mirrors, 307(21) Missionaries, 220, 223 Index Machu Picchu, 113, 184, 314(87) Magazines, state, 145, 267 Magic, 191, 345(27) Maize, 28, 280(34), 325(122), 334(228) Malachites, 334(233) Mama Cocha, 290(28) Manco, 19, 20, 39, 182, 310(29) Manners, 194 Maori language, 10 Marca, 58, 80, 290(16-17) Marriage customs, 24, 217, 277-79(729) Mass characteristics, 43, 216 Mathematics, 123, 124, 190, 345(27) Mayas, 11, 12, 318(5) Liberty, 271(9) Library, 233 Licla, 99 Lima, 6, 304(17), 305(21), 355(54) Literature eighteenth century, 226-31 English writers, 258, 260 French writers, 256, 259, 260 German writers, 255, 261 Inca, 226-31, 266 magazine, 267 Peruvian, 192 Portuguese writers, 260 Pre-Inca, 266

Spanish, 224-25 Litter-bearers, 156, 330(179) Livestock, distribution, 64-70 Llama, 30 Llanos, 148, 327(136) Llypta,97 Locks, 314(89) Lodes, 358(11) Los Cobos, Francisco de 107 Lycurgus, 27 434 435 Illilitary habits, 181, 340(25) pardons, 160 Ollantaytambo, 313(74) Ordenanzas de tambos} 156, 288(102) Orejones autonomous, 174 celebrations, 196 class established, 48, 90 council, 41, 140 exempt from agriculture service, 73 healers, 191 idleness, 101 independence, 284(36) inspectors, 136 judgmen t, 159 kinds, 285(49), 286(64) land, 295(85) location, 47, 75 meaning,46 nobles, 46 Organization administrative, 134-40, 160 colonial, 212-14 community, 86, 290(16) rules, 356(14) Oroya} 6, 151 Otavalo, 170 Ovando, Juan de, 213 Ownership ayllu} 61, 62, 79, 297(100) Chilean, 78 collective, 60-62, 86, 89, 298(110), 303(2) communal, 291(30), 302(166) Index of Subjects Oca} 29 Ollantay described, 28, 192 elite, influence, 284(49) enemy treatment, 176 Inca orders, 55 Nation of grown-up children, 215-19 National Archives, 129 Natural resources, 104 Navigation, 158, 331(193) Nazca, 148 Nazca-lea, 14, 188 New Australia, 355(6) Ninachumbi, 158 Nineteenth century authors, 254-59 Noticias sec'fetas} 351(3) Numeration, 123, 345(27) Mita} 82, 102, 300(142) Mitayos} 53, 82, 300(142) Mitimaes categories, 131 migration, 156 position, 322(46-49) region of Tacna, 321(37) system, 41, 136 yanacuna} 287(89) Mocha, 181 Modern authors: nineteenth century, 254-62 Money barter, 163, 172, 336(253), 351(10) kinds, 165, 334(233), 337(263) lack, 337(261) system, 95, 172-73, 144, 348(18) Monotony, 203, 348(31) Montana} 2 Monuments, 279(32), 313(71) Moralists, 225-26 Mormons, 292(43) Mortality, 161, 279(30), 354(45) Mount llliniza, 357(24) Mountains, 2, 3, 14, 215 Mullu} 116 Mummies, 283(33), 285(50), 343(13) Music, 189, 344(19-21) Pacarisca, 56 Pacha,90 Pachaca, 58, 134, 135, 137, 290(16) Pachaca-camayu, 135 Pachacamac, 28, 36, 148, 283(33), 314 (84) Pachacutec accomplishments, 89 fairs, 335(243) heirs, 42 holidays, 308(9) idleness, 308(6) knots, 123 land shortage, 24, 28 law, 93 library, 232 population leveled, 24 portrai t, 91 reigns, 21, 41, 303(4) specialization promoted, 104 temple erected, 114, 315(95) well-being, 207 work, 93 Paco, 280(45) Pagus, 138 Painting, 188, 358(4) Paja toquilla, 218 Palaces, 115, 118, 315(96-100) Paracas, 13 436 Index of Subjects curacas, 76, 109, 299(131), 347(4) Paraguay, 220-23, 300(142), 302(159) designated, 291(30), 298(121) Paramonga, 13 Ecuador, 77 Pasco, 270(4) elite, 75-80 Patience, 311(39) land, 60-62, 78, 295(85), 297(101), Patriotism, 350(55) 298(126, 129) Patronato indigeno, 217 private, 75, 229 Paz, Sancho de, 170 socialized, 76 Pedrarias, 359(18) Sun, 64, 298(121) Pehuenches, 165 types, 92, 291(30) Penipe, 152 Pe6n, 217 Personal services, 140-43, 325(110) Peru agriculture, 59, 290(29), 301(147) architecture, III betrayed by self, 283(35) census, 85, 305(23) collectors, 242-44, 244-50 communities. See Community conquest, 340(35) countries compared, 199 deaths, 354(45) despotism, 92 diet, 28, 32 dominance, 8-22 dynasty surveyed, 17 education, 45 environment, 1-7 literature, 227 location, 2 Mexico, 170, 228, 336(257) monarchs, 259 navigation, 158 Paraguay, 220-23 planning, 89 preColumbian, 230 property rights, 75 Republic, 82 sacrifices, 283(33) slavery, 51, 289(8) 437 principle, 23-32, 139, 284(49) uncertainty, 288(109), 322(49) Porco, 81, 301(142) Portazgo, 171, 337(260) Postal service, 153 Post-conquest arrivals: era of transition, 240-42 PotosI, 81, 108, 301(142), 312(58, 63) Pottery, 188 Poverty, 199 Present-day writers since 1926, 26468 Prison in Cuzco, 161 Procurador, 136 Production and consumption~ 122, 146, 306(1), 326(125); see also Trade Progress, 200, 274(59), 349(46) Property. See Ownership Protectorate, 293(62) Province, defined, 322(56) Provident concern for future, 201 Provisionment and conservation, 10406 Pucaras, 62, 184 Pueblos, 79 Puna climate, 4, 6, 7, 35 landscape, 115 navigation, 158 records, 128 roads, 147

soil, 86 Index of Subjects Inca, 26, 51-55 increase, 276(1), 333(75) labor, 27 leveled, 93 Mexican, 228, 353(38) movements. See Migrations Peru, 228; see also Peru socialism, 89 Spain, 210, 234 trade, 333(212) women, 48 Pesos, 352(17) Peso hueco~ 222 Pesquisidores~ 136 Pharaoh, 287(79) Philip II, 24 Physical science, 191 Picha-chunca-camayu~ 134 Picha-pachaca, 135, 141 Piedras canzadas, 112 Pirca, Ill, 147, 326(129) Pirua, 144 Pizarro, Fernando, 81, 157, 167, 209, 238, 310(29) Pizarro, Gonzalo, 4, 6, 81, 211 Pizarro, Juan, 178 Planning. See Government Plants, 107; see also Food Plateau Andes, 14 animals, 29, 30 economy, 30 description, 4 food, 28 Indian, 8 Platinum, 311(44) Pocha, 293(59) Polygamy, 26, 46, 278(15), 279(22) Pontazgo, 337(260) Population basis of agrarian policy, 62 classified, 215 decreased, 351(12) diminished, 277(4-5) division, 141 Egyptian, 276(2) figures, 277(6), 316(114) Sacrifices, 283(33), 286(66), 310(26), 334(231) Sanctions, 159-62 Saxahuaman, 184 Science, 190 Seventeenth century historians, 250 53 of Subjects fields of, 71 land dedicated, 64 law, 34-38, 282(14) missionaries, 220, 223 moralists, 225-26 Mormons, 292(43) mortality, 161, 279(30), 354(45) rites, 340(27) sacrifices, 310(26) Sun, 35, 215 temples, 286(66) Repartimientos, 80, 81, 300(140) Roads, 118, 147, 156,326(126-36),331 (187) Roca census, 339(11) distribution, 291(29) dynasties, 19 education, 45 Inca, 19, 20, 181, 306(13) orders, 306(13) palace, 118 Sinchi, 19, 20, 142, 196, 339(11) taxation, 142 Rod, 123 Rope industry, 120 Royal decrees, 300(138), 305(21), 325 (110) Ruins, 13, 326(129), 328(146) Ruiz, 169, 172 Ruler, 38-43; see also Sovereignty Rumifiahui, 190, 193 Russian communities, 290(29) Index438 Puna brava, 4 Puna island, 40 Punishment, 332-33(198-208) Puric, 134 Puruha, 26, 94 Pyramids, Chavin, 12 Races, 285(57) Rafts, 153, 157, 271(15), 331(189, 190) Raymi, 141, 195, 196 Records, 37, 123, 128, 282(15), 358(7.

9); see also Writing Recuay, 14, 188 Red men, 10, 215, 218 Reductions, 220-23 Regionalism, 4 Religion customs, 47, 215, 286(66), 315(101) depth limited, 349(46) Quebradas, 4 Quechua artificial nature, 189 Aymaras, 16 Chimu teaching, 322(45) description, 8 dictionaries, 304-05(18-23) dramas. See Dramas language. See Language, Quechua population, 23 physical type, 8 religion, 35 soldiers, 339(11) Quena, 189 Quilca, 124 Quipu invention, ··319(7) keepers, 37 numerical record, 123 use, 126, 232, 319(13), 320(17-22) Quipucamayu, 127, 129, 205 Quito, 77, 183, 190, 262-63 Index Shells, 166, 170, 334(231) Shelters, 329(169-70) Sierra art, 189 location, 2, 4 people, 340(32) roads, 147, 327(136) storehouses, 325(115) Siervo) 217 Silversmiths, 188 Sinchi) 19, 20, 33, 72, 142 Situa) 191 Slavery abolished, 288(100) Chibcha, 40 hereditary, 51 mentality, 203 outlook, 206, 289(8) trade, 213 Socialism advance, 350(54) autocratic, 92 characteristics, 173-75 Chinese, 293(61) Cuzco, 77 demands, 306(1) empire lost, 183 establishment, 91, 134 European vs. Peruvian, 89 example, 199, 358(13) exchange, 162 marriage, 27 New Australian, 355(6) preColumbian, 231 property, 76 Raynal thesis, 358(13) result, 200 state money, 172 superstructure, 88-94 surplus, 144 of Sub~c~ 439 trade, 123, 169 Soil, 60-62, 70-71, 79; see also Agrar ian community; Land Sora) 97 South America annihilation of personality, 208 bibliographies, 237 characteristics, 1 conclusions, 166 migration, II money, 165 preColumbia, 167 prehistory, 10 see also Names of specific countries Sovereign ty chiefs, 38-43, 340(24-26) genealogy, 19, 275(67-69) personal services judged, 140 policy, 37, 275(68), 298(129) power, 38, 41, 271(10) Spanish, 80, 247, 308(12), 309(13) succession, line of, 20 tolerance, 173 see also Inca Spain antithesis, 209-19 colonial organization, 212-14 conquest agrarian community, 80-87 appearance, 341(37) criticism, 209, 211, 225, 359(18) land tenure, 60, 78 plateau animals, 29, 30 plan, 179 population, 23 results, 210 yanacuna) 53 depopulation, 351(12) documentary writings, 247 eyewitnesses of Inca Empire, 238-40 government, arbitrary, 352(19) Freedom School LibratJ art, 272(25) bas-reliefs, 318(5) destroyed, 16 disappearance, 32 exchange, 164, 170 Tacna, 148, 321(37), 324(98) Taklla, 73 Tambo (tampu) erected, 187, 328(146-48) location, 330(178) provisions, 150, 154, 177 purpose, 142, 154, 156, 314(87) rare in Spain, 331(188) regulated, 214 ruins, 328(146) Tampu Toco, 45, 314(87) Tancahuan, 12 Tapestries, 119,317(123) Tarabita, 152 Tarapaca, 148 Tarija, 342(58) Taraco, 15 Tawatinsuyu, 134 Taxation assessments, 130, 325(110) forms, 142, 337(260) increase, 212 injustice, 79 payment, 143, 325(110) resistance, 321(27) system, 140, 300(142) views, 353(31) Tayta-capac, 345(30) Temples, 114, 286(66), 313(69), 315 (95) Textiles, 317(118, 124) Theft, 161 Tiahuanaco 440 Index of Subjects historians of 17th century, 250-53 Suyo (suyu), 70, 73, 132 ideas acquired, 166 Suyoyoc apo, 323(60) judicial. proceedings, 162 King, 80, 247, 308(12), 309(13) labor views, 103 literature and the utopians, 22425 monographs, 260 Peru, 210, 234 power, 352(17) understanding lacking, 234 women, 279(25) Specialization, 104 Spinning, 118, 308(2) Stabilization, economic, 144-46 Standard of living, 95, 98, 100 State socialism money, 172 superstructure, 88-94 Statistics, 123-30, 290(21) Statues, erection, 313(77) Stockpiling, 144-46 Stones, 166, 311(35), 313(69, 71), 319 (11) Storehouses, 144, 325(115), 328(146) Sucre., 63 Sun cult, 290(28) festival, 195 fields, 70, 71 Gate, 15 Inca, 42 land, 295(85) property, 64, 298(121) Virgins of the, 25, 48, 211, 279(22), 286(71) worship, 35, 215 Supply and demand, 95-121, 122-75, 221, 306(1) Surgery, 191 Surplus, 144, 168 Index of Subjects 441 expansion, 12 influence, 16, 313(71) location, 14 views, 15 Tiefkultur) 296(99) Tinya) 190 Toko, 314(87) Toledo, Francisco de, 213 Tomebamba destroyed, 113, 338(10) cacique, 190 Huayna Capac, 113, 318(6) palaces, 116 temples, 313(69)

Tools, 72, 106, 296(90-94) Topo, 66 Torres, Father de, 221 Town plans, 316(105-07) Trade absence, 336(254) Aymara, 334(222) Cuzco, 169 decline, 172 foreign, 169-72 forms, 145, 163-67 horizontal, 164 free, prohibited, 333(212-33) limited, 335(243) local, 168-69 Peru, 333(212) private, 146 socialism, 123, 169 survival, 162-72 use, 123, 351(10) vertical, 163 views, 335(243-54) Traffic, 155 Transition period, 240-42 Transportation bridges. See Bridges communication, 147-59 economic effect, 157 inconvenience, 331(188) roads, 118, 147, 156, 326(126-36), 331(187) Trujillo, Diego de, 3, 265 Tsupe) 96 Tucricuc appointment, 135 army, 177 census, 129 domination, 132 justice, 160, 323(69) storehouses, 145 Tucuman, 219, 342(58) Tucuy) 342(58) Tumbez, 169, 209, 211 Tumi) 188 Tupu cultivation, 70 defined, 65, 99, 293(59) rewards, 67, 85, 335(241) surplus, 168 Tawantinsuyu) 134 Twentieth century authors to 1926, 259-62 Tyranny, 347(10); see also Govern ment Uniformity, 203 Urco, 21, 41, 42, 234 Urubamba, 6, 15 Urus, 11 Usuta) 99 Utopians, Spanish literature, 224-25 Valleys, 6 Valverde, Vincent, 229 Vases, 188 Veedores) 136 Index of Subjects language choice, 305(22) position, 278(13) Spanish, 279(25) spinning, 308(2) status, 194 Wood, 312(64) Writing bookkeeping, 37, 126 evidences, 232, 274(59), 318(5-22) record~, 37, 123, 128, 282(15), 358 (7, 9) see also Language Vices, 351(3) Vilcas, 116, 148, 152, 315(95), 327 (136) Villages, 116 Vifiapu, 97 Viracocha, 20, 315(95), 317(123), 335 (237) Viracochabamba, 113, 313(74) Virgins of the Sun, 25, 48, 211, 279 (22), 286(71) Virtue, 207 442 Walls, 326(130) War civil, 21, 158 civilization spread, 341(46) defensive, 184, 339(21) Independence, 214, 219 military, 176, 181, 196, 338(7-11), 340(22-29) opposition, 183, 209 weapons, 178, 339(12) see also Military; Spain, conquest Waranca, 135, 137, 141, 146 Waranca-camayu, 135 Warehouses, 325(115) Water, 292(43) Wealth. See Money Weapons, 178, 339(12) Weights, 337(268) Weaving, 118, 317(127) Well-being, 89, 198, 207 Wheel, 316(116) White men, 181, 214, 215, 341(37), 355(54) Women chosen, 48 controlled, 346(45) description of Indian, 8 Yacolla, 98, 99 Yahuar Huacoc, 42 Yakoub, Abou, 324(87) Yana, 287(89), 288(99) Yanaconas, 53, 288(99) Yanacuna agricul tural service, exempt, 73 defined, 51 described, 51, 287(90) mitimae, 287(89) population statistics, 137 taxation, 142 treatment, 53, 288(102) Ychu,30 Yucatan, 11 Yupanqui, Capac, 20, 89 Yupanqui, Loque, 20, 187 Yupanqui, Tupac CUStOlTIS, 170, 284(45) Cuzco, 324(87) defeat, 181 famine, 349(50) military, 158, 338(10-11), 339(21) reign, 21 servants, 287(94) Yapura, 334(227)