Appendix: Dramatis Personae British/Australian

Brooke Popham, Sir Henry Robert Moore

Air Chief Marshall in Command of Entire Far East, 1940–1942; stationed in Singapore.

Burnett, Sir Charles, Air Chief Marshall

Chief of Staff, Royal Australian Air Force.

Cadogan, Sir Alexander

Under Secretary of Foreign Affairs.

Casey, Richard G.

Australian Minister to the United States.

Chamberlain, Neville

Prime Minister, 1937–1940.

Churchill, Winston

First Lord of the Admiralty, 1911–1915, Prime Minister, 1940–1945; 1951–1955.

Craigie, Sir Robert

Ambassador to Japan.

Eden, Anthony

Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1940–1945, 1951–1955); Prime Minister (1955–1957).

Halifax (Edward Frederick Lindley Wood), Lord

Ambassador to the United States, 1941–1946.

Hewitt, Air Commodore

Royal Australian Air Force intelligence officer.

Layton, Walter, Sir

Director General, Programmes in the British Ministry of Supply.

Lothian (Philip Henry Kerr), Lord

Ambassador to the U.S., 1939–1940 (died in office).

Earl of Lytton.

Phillips, Sir Frederick

Representative of British Treasury.

Phillips, Sir Tom S.V.

Commander–in–Chief, Eastern Fleet; lost at sea when his ship, the Prince of Wales was sunk, December 8 (?), 1941.

Purvis, Arthur B.

Head, Anglo–French Purchasing Mission.

Ramsey A.H.M., Captain

Member of British Parliament who saw and reported messages Tyler Kent had taken from the U.S. Embassy.

Stephenson, William, Sir

British agent, “Intrepid;” Chief, British Security Coordination in the U.S.

Dutch

Salm, Commander

Dutch Indies naval liaison officer to Australian government.

French

Reynaud, Paul. French Foreign Minister.

Chinese

Chiang Kai-Shek

Generalissimo in war against Japan, 1937–1941; appointed supreme commander, allied forces, Chinese War Theater, January 1942; President National Government, 1943–1949, and on Taiwan, 1950–1975.

Chiang Kai-Shek, Madame

Meiling Soong, second wife of the Generalissimo.

Hu Shih

Ambassador in Washington.

Quo Tai–chi

Chinese Foreign Minister.

Soong, T.V., Dr.

Chiang’s brother–in–law and personal emissary in Washington, China Defense Supplies, Inc.

German and Italian

Ciano, Conte Galeazzi

Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1936–1943; son-in-law of Mussolini.

Hitler, Adolf

German Chancellor, 1933–1945, dictator.

Mussolini, Benito

Premier; Dictator; after fall of France led Italy into war, 1940; deposed 1943; imprisoned, rescued by Germans, Sept. 1943; assassinated by Italian partisans April 28, 1945.

Raeder, Erich, Admiral

Commander-in-Chief, German Navy.

Ribbentrop, Joachim von

German Foreign Minister; convicted of war crimes and hanged, 1946.

Japanese

Ando

Embassy, Washington; associate of Terasaki, ordered by Tokyo pre-attack to leave the U.S.

Hirohito. Emperor (1926–1989).

Konoye, Prince

Prime Minister, June 4, 1937–October 18, 1941.

Kurusu, Saburo

Second ambassador to the United States (arrived in Washington, November 15, 1941).

Nomura, Kichisaburo, Admiral

Ambassador to the United States (appointed January 1941).

Ogimoto

Petty Officer, intelligence officer posing as a code clerk, Japanese embassy in Washington.

Ohashi, Chiuchi

Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs.

Sanematsu, Yuzuru

Assistant Naval Attache, Japanese Embassy in Washington.

Shigemitsu

Japanese Ambassador to London.

Takagi

Embassy, Washington; associate of Terasaki, ordered by Tokyo pre-attack to leave the U.S.

Terasaki, Hidenari

First Secretary, Japanese Embassy, Washington; head of Japanese espionage in Western Hemispere.

Tojo, Hideki, Lieutenant General

Prime Minister, 1941–1944; convicted as war criminal and hanged, 1948.

Yamamoto

Chief, American Bureau of Japanese Foreign Office.

Yamamoto, Isoroku, Admiral

Commander in chief of Combined Fleet; shot down in air action, 1943.

United States

Pre-Franklin D. Roosevelt Administration

Castle, William R., Jr.

Former Ambassador to Japan; Under-secretary of State under Hoover.

Coolidge, Calvin

U.S. President, 1923–1929.

Hoover, Herbert

U.S. President, 1929–1933.

Hurley, Patrick

Secretary of War, 1929–1933; Ambassador to China, 1944–1945.

Kent, Tyler

U.S. code clerk (London) who smuggled secret messages out of the U.S. Embassy and was tried and imprisoned in England for the duration of the war.

Pershing, John J., General

Commander in Chief, American Expeditionary Force 1917–1919.

Roosevelt Theodore

U.S. President, 1901–1909.

Taft, Howard

U.S. President, 1909–1913.

Yardley, Herbert O.

World War I War and State Department cryptographer; author of The American Black Chamber (1931).

Washington (1941)—Civilian, Political

Austin, Warren R., U.S. Senator

(R) Vermont.

Ballantine, Joseph W.

Foreign Service Officer, U.S. State Department.

Barkley, Alben W., U.S. Senator

(D) Kentucky.

Biddle, Francis

Attorney General.

Bloom, Sol, U.S. Representative

(D) New York. Chairman Foreign Affairs Committee.

Bullitt, William C.

First U.S. Ambassador to U.S.S.R., 1933–1936. Ambassador to France, 1936–1940.

Byrd, Harry Flood, U.S. Senator

(D) Virginia.

Carter, Edward C.

Former Secretary General of the Institute of Pacific Relations, New York.

Connally, Tom, U.S. Senator

(D) Texas; Chairman, Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

Currie, Lauchlin

Administrative Assistant to President Roosevelt.

Dooman, Eugene H.

Counselor, U.S. Embassy in Tokyo.

Early, Stephen

Secretary to the President.

Eaton, Charles A., U.S. Representative

(R) New Jersey.

Edison, Charles

Secretary of War, 1933–1940.

Gauss, C.E.

U.S. Ambassador to China.

Grew, Joseph C.

U.S. Ambassador to Japan prior to December 7, 1941.

Hackworth, Green H.

Legal Advisor, State Department.

Hamilton, Maxwell M.

Chief of Division of Far Eastern Affairs in State Department.

Harriman, Averell

Special Representative of the President, with ambassadorial rank.

Henderson, Leon

Head of Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply.

Hillman, Sidney

Labor union leader; co-director (with William S. Knudsen) of Office of Production Management.

Hopkins, Harry

Personal adviser to FDR; Secretary of Commerce (1938–1940); head of Lend-Lease Administration (1942); member War Production Board (1942); special assistant to President Roosevelt (1942–1945).

Hornbeck, Stanley K.

Special Assistant to Secretary of State, Advisor on Political Relations.

Hull, Cordell

Secretary of State, 1933–1944.

Ickes, Harold

Secretary of the Interior, 1933–1946; Petroleum Coordinator for National Defense, 1941.

Johnson, Hiram,W., U.S. Senator

(R) California.

Kennedy, Joseph P.

U.S. Ambassador to England (1933–1940), father of John F. Kennedy, U.S. President (1961–1963).

Knox, Frank

Republican candidate for Vice President, 1936; Secretary of Navy, 1940–1944.

Knudsen, William S.

Commissioner of Council of National Defense (1940); co-director (with Hillman) of Office of Production Management (1941); director of production, War Department (1942–1945).

Krock, Arthur

Columnist, New York Times.

LaGuardia, Fiorello H.

Mayor of New York City, 1935–1943; chief, U.S. Office of Civilian Defense.

Landon, Alfred M.

Republican presidential candidate, 1936.

Lattimore, Owen

U.S. political adviser to Chiang in China.

Martin, Joseph W., Jr., U.S. Representative

(R) Massachusetts, House Minority Floor Leader.

McCormack, John W., U.S. Representative

(D) Massachusetts, House Majority Floor Leader.

McCoy, Frank, Major

Long-time aide to Henry L. Stimson.

McIntire, Ross, Dr.

Roosevelt’s personal physician.

McNary, Charles L., U.S. Senator

(R) Oregon.

Merle-Smith, Van S., Colonel

U.S. Military Attache, Melbourne, Australia.

Morgenthau, Henry J., Jr.

Secretary of Treasury, 1934–1945.

Nelson, Donald M.

Executive Director of Supply Priorities, Office of Production and Management (1941); Chairman, War Production Board (1942–1944).

Perkins, Frances

Secretary of Labor.

Powell, Joseph W.

Vice President of Bethlehem Shipbuilding Co., Special Assistant to Knox, accompanied him to Pearl Harbor, December 8–14.

Rayburn, Sam, U.S. Representative (D) Texas.

Roosevelt, Eleanor, Mrs.

Wife of President Roosevelt.

Roosevelt, Franklin D. (FDR)

U.S. President, 1933–1945.

Sayre, Francis B.

U.S. High Commissioner in the Philippines

Stimson, Henry L.

Secretary of War, 1940–1945.

Truman, Harry S., U.S. Senator

(D) Missouri; U.S. President, 1945–1953.

Vinson, Carl, U.S. Representative

(D) Georgia, Chairman, House Naval Affairs Committee.

Walker, Frank C.

Postmaster General, 1940–1945.

Wallace, Henry A.

Secretary of Agriculture (1933–1940); Vice President during Roosevelt’s 2nd term (1941–1945).

Walsh, David L., U.S. Senator

(D) Massachusetts, pre-war critic of FDR’s foreign policy; Chairman, Senate Naval Affairs Committee.

Watson, Edwin Martin (“Pa”), Major General

President Roosevelt’s appointment secretary.

Welles, Sumner

Under Secretary of State (1933–1943).

White, Harry Dexter

Adviser to Treasury Secretary Morgenthau.

Winant, John G.

U.S. Ambassador in London (1941–1946).

Woodring, Harry Hines

Secretary of War (1933–1940).

Washington (1941)—Navy

Badt, Harry A.

Captain, Tuscaloosa.

Beardall, John R., Rear Admiral

Naval Aide to President Roosevelt.

Beatty, Frank E., Captain (later Vice Admiral)

Aide to Knox, accompanied him to Pearl Harbor, December 8–14.

Brainard, Roland M., Vice Admiral

Director of Ship Movements, CNO Office, Washington.

Briggs, Ralph T.

Radioman stationed at Cheltenham, Maryland.

Brotherhood, Francis M., Lieutenant Commander

Watch Officer in Op20-G, Naval Communications.

Creighton, John M., Captain

U.S. Naval Observer, Singapore.

Easton, Lieutenant

Air Corps Pilot who flew Navy Secretary Knox to Pearl Harbor December 8–14.

Edgers, Mrs. Dorothy

Research Analyst, ONI.

Halsey, William F., Vice Admiral

Commander Aircraft Patrol Force; Commander, Task Force Two.

Hart, Thomas C., Admiral

Commander-in-Chief, Asiatic Fleet, the Philippines (Manila). Headed Hart Inquiry into Pearl Harbor Attack (March–June, 1944).

Hayes, Lieutenant Commander

Former court stenographer, typed Knox’s report on return flight from Pearl Harbor.

Heard, W.A., Captain

In charge of Foreign Branch, ONI.

Hindmarsh, Albert E., Lieutenant

Naval Intelligence, Far Eastern Section, economic analyst.

Ingersoll, Royal E., Admiral

Assistant Chief of Naval Operations.

King, Ernest J., Admiral

Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet.

Kramer, A.D., Commander

Op20-G, Navy Communications, Head of translation section of communication security.

Krick, H.D., Captain

Friend and theater companion December 6, 1941, of Admiral Stark.

Leahy, William Admiral

Chief of Naval Operations

Lynn, G.W., Lt. Commander

Senior Watch Officer, Op20-G, decoding Japanese diplomatic cryptographs.

McCollum, Arthur H., Captain, USN

In charge of Far Eastern Section, Foreign Branch, Office of Naval Intelligence.

Merle-Smith

U.S. Naval Attache, Australia.

Moreell, Ben, Admiral

Chief, Bureau of Yards and Docks (Seabees).

Nimitz, Chester W., Admiral

Chief of Bureau of Navigation.

Noyes, Leigh, Rear Admiral

Director of Naval Communications.

Pering, Alfred F., Lt. Commander

On duty in Op20-G, Naval Communications.

Redman, Joseph R., Admiral

Assistant Director of Naval Communications.

Richardson, J.O., Admiral

CincUS prior to Admiral Kimmel.

Safford, Laurence F., Captain

In charge of Security Section of Naval Communications, intercepts.

Schuirmann, R.E., Captain (later Rear Admiral)

Director Central Division, Liaison with State Department for CNO.

Schulz, Lester Robert, Lieutenant

Communication Watch Officer, on temporary duty at the White House, December 6, 1941.

Smith, Leonard B.

Ensign, U.S. Navy, “adviser” aboard British plane who spotted the German Bismarck.

Smith-Hutton, H.H., Captain

Naval Attache in Tokyo prior to December 7, 1941.

Stark, Harold R., Admiral

Chief of Naval Operations (CNO).

Tolley, Kemp, Lieutenant (later Rear Admiral)

Commander, Lanikai.

Thorpe, Elliott R.

ALUSNA, Naval Attache in Batavia, Netherlands East Indies.

Turner, Richmond Kelly, Vice Admiral

Director of Navy’s War Plans Division, CNO.

Wigle, Daryl

Chief, “Station M,” Cheltenham, Maryland.

Wilkinson, Theodore S., Rear Admiral, USN

Director of the Office of Naval Intelligence.

Washington (1941)—Army

Arnold, H. (“Hap”) H., General

Commanding General, Army Air Corps.

Bratton, Rufus S., Colonel

Chief, Far Eastern Section, Military Division.

Deane, John R., Colonel

Aide to Army Chief of Staff General Marshall.

Dusenberry, Carlisle Clyde, Colonel

Assistant to Army courier Brattton.

French, Edward F., Colonel

Signal Officer, Army Message Center.

Gailey, Charles K., Jr., General

Executive Officer to General Gerow.

Gerow, Leonard T., General

Army Chief of War Plans.

Gullion, General

Provost Marshall.

Harrison, George L., Major

Aide to Henry L. Stimson, War Department.

MacArthur, Douglas, Lieutenant General

Commander, U.S. Forces Far East in Manila; Allied Supreme Commander, S.W. Pacific (1942); General of the Army (1944).

Marshall, George C., General

Army Chief of Staff (1935–1945).

Miles, Sherman, Major General

Director of Military Intelligence, G-2.

O’Dell, Robert H.

Assistant Military Attache, Australia.

Roosevelt, Elliott

FDR’s 2nd son.

Roosevelt, James, Captain

FDR’s eldest son, Marine Corps Reserve, liaison between Marine Corps HQ and Office of Coordinator of Infomation.

Smith, Bedell, Colonel

Secretary to Army Chief of Staff, General Marshall.

Wedemeyer, W.C., Major (later Lieutenant General)

War Plans Division, War Department (later Commander of the American troops in the China Theater).

Pearl Harbor (1941)—Navy

Bellinger, Patrick Nelson L., Vice Admiral

Comdr. Hawaiian Based Patrol Wings and Comdr. Patrol Wing Two; Comdr. Task Force Nine; Comdr. Fleet Air Detachment, Pearl Harbor; Liaison with Com14; Comdr. Naval Base Defense Air Force.

Bloch, Claude C.

Com14; Comdr. Local Defense Forces; Comdr. Hawaiian Sea Frontier; Comdt. Navy Yard Pearl Harbor; Naval Base Defense Officer under 2CL-4, Comdr. Task Force Four.

Brown, Wilson, Rear Admiral

Commander, Scouting Force, Task Force 3, Pacific Fleet.

Calhoun, W.L., Vice Admiral

Commander Base Force, U.S. Fleet.

Coleman, H.M., Lieutenant. CinCPAC’s staff.

DeLaney, W.S., Rear Admiral

Assistant Chief of Staff for Operations (for Admiral Kimmel).

Ghormley, Robert L., Rear Admiral

Assistant Chief of Naval Operations; participant in U.S.-British conversations (London), August 1940.

Halsey, William F., Admiral

Commander of the carrier, Enterprise; Cmdr., U.S. 3rd Fleet in Pacific (June 1944–Nov. 1945); Admiral of the Fleet, 1945.

Kimmel, Husband E., Rear Admiral

CincPac and CincUS.

Kingman, Howard F., Rear Admiral

District Intelligence Officer of 14th Naval District.

Kitts, III, W.A., Rear Admiral

Fleet Gunnery Officer (on Admiral Kimmel’s staff).

Layton, E.T. Captain

Fleet Intelligence Officer and Combat Intelligence Officer, U.S. Pacific Fleet.

Mayfield, Irving H., Captain

District Intelligence Officer 14th Naval District.

McCormick, L.D., Rear Admiral

Assistant Chief of Staff and Operations Officer for CincPac.

McMorris, C.H., Rear Admiral

Operations Officer on staff of Commander Scouting Force; War Plans Officer for CincPac.

Newton, J.H., Admiral

Commander of the carrier Lexington.

Outerbridge, William Woodward, Lieutenant

Commanding Officer,USS Ward.

Pye, W.S., Vice Admiral

Comdr. Battle Force; Comdr. Task Force One; Senior Officer in Pearl Harbor.

Ramsey, L.C., Captain

Operations officer to Adm. Bellinger (Adm. Bellinger in command of Pat. Wing 2 and Pat. Wing’s Hawaiian Area); Comdr. Task Force Nine; aviation liaison officer to cooperate with Com14; Comdr. Naval Base Defense Air Force.

Rochefort, Joseph J., Commander

Assistant Operations Officer; Force Intelligence Officer for Scouting Force Commander; Officer in charge of combat intelligence 14th Naval District.

Withers, Thomas, Rear Admiral

Commander Submarines, Pacific.

Pearl Harbor (1941)—Army

Elliott, George E., Sergeant

Opana radar station.

Emmons, Delos C., Major General

Commanding General, GHQ Air Force; participant in U.S.-British conversations (London) August 1940; Chief of Army’s War Plans Division, participant in U.S.-British conversation (London) August 1940.

Friedman, William

Head of Army’s Signal Intelligence Service, founded 1930.

Lockard, Joseph. L., Private (later Lieutenant)

Opana radar station.

Phillips, W.C., Colonel

Chief of Staff (for General Short).

Short, Walter C., Major General

Commanding General, Hawaiian Department.

Smith, William W., Rear Admiral

Chief of Staff to CincPac.

Strong, George V., Major General

Chief of Army’s War Plans Division; participant in U.S.-British conversations (London) August 1940.

Taylor, W.G., Commander

Adviser to Army on radar.

Tyler, Kermit A., Lieutenant (later Lieutenant Colonel)

Aircraft Warning Center.

Investigators and Historians

Abbazia, Patrick

Author of Mr. Roosevelt’s Navy: The Private War of the Atlantic Fleet, 1939–1942, 1975.

Blum, John Morton

Biographer of Henry J. Morgenthau, Jr.

Sherwood, Robert

FDR speech writer.