Chapter 1 of 46 · Principles of Political Economy by Thomas Robert Malthus

CONTENTS.

1,517 words · All 46 chapters

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 1
Chapter I.—Of the Definitions of Wealth and of Productive Labour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
- § 1. On the Definitions of Wealth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
- 2. On Productive Labour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Chapter II.—On the Nature, Causes, and Measures of Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
- § 1. On the different sorts of Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
- 2. Of Demand and Supply as they affect Exchangeable Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
- 3. Of the Cost of Production as affected by the Demand and Supply, and on the Mode of representing Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
- 4. Of the Labour which has been employed on a Commodity considered as a Measure of its Exchangeable Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
- 5. Of the Labour which a Commodity will command, considered as a Measure of Value in Exchange 93
- 6. On the Practical Application of the Measure of Value, and its general Use and Advantages . . 111
- 7. On the Variations in the Value of Money in the same, and different Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Chapter III.—Of the Rent of Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
- § 1. Of the Nature and Causes of Rent . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
- 2. On the necessary Separation of the Rent of Land from the Profits of the Cultivator and the Wages of the Labourer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
- 3. Of the Causes which tend to raise Rents in the ordinary Progress of civilized and improved Societies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
- 4. Of the Causes which tend to lower Rents . . . . . . 173
- 5. On the Dependance of the actual Quantity of Produce obtained from the Land, upon the existing Prices of Produce, and existing Rents, under the same Agricultural Skill and the same Value of Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Edition: current; Page: [iv]
- § 6. Of the Connexion between great comparative Wealth, and a high comparative Price of raw Produce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
- 7. On the Causes which may mislead the Landlord in letting his Lands, to the Injury both of himself and the Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
- 8. On the strict and necessary Connection of the Interests of the Landlord and of the State . . . . . . 194
- 9. General Remarks on the Surplus Produce of the Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Chapter IV.—Of the Wages of Labour . . . . . . . . . . 217
- § 1. On the Definition of the Wages of Labour, and their Dependance upon Supply and Demand . . 217
- 2. Of the Causes which principally affect the Habits of the Labouring Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
- 3. Of the Causes which principally influence the Demand for Labour, and the Increase of the Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
- 4. A Review of the Corn Wages of Labour from the Reign of Edward III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
- 5. On the Conclusions to be drawn from the preceding Review of the Prices of Corn and Labour during the five last Centuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Chapter V.—Of the Profits of Capital . . . . . . . . . . 262
- § 1. Of the Nature of Profits, and the Mode in which they are estimated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
- 2. Of the limiting Principle of Profits . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
- 3. Of the regulating Principle of Profits . . . . . . . . . . 276
- 4. Of Profits as affected by the Causes practically in operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
- 5. Remarks on Mr. Ricardo’s Theory of Profits . . . . 291
Chapter VI.—Of the Distinction between Wealth and Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
BOOK II.
- Chapter I.—On the Progress of Wealth . . . . . . . . 309
  - § 1. Statement of the particular Object of Inquiry . . . . 309
  - 2. Of the Increase of Population considered as a Stimulus to the continued Increase of Wealth . . 311
  - 3. Of Accumulation, or the Saving from Revenue to add to Capital, considered as a Stimulus to the Increase of Wealth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
  - 4. Of the Fertility of the Soil, considered as the Stimulus to the continued Increase of Wealth . . 331Edition: current; Page: [v]
  - § 5. Of Inventions to save Labour, considered as a Stimulus to the continued Increase of Wealth . . 351
  - 6. Of the Necessity of a Union of the Powers of Production with the Means of Distribution, in order to ensure a continued Increase of Wealth . . . . 361
  - 7. Of the Distribution occasioned by the Division of landed Property considered as the Means of increasing the exchangeable Value of the whole Produce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
  - 8. Of the Distribution occasioned by Commerce, internal and external, considered as the Means of increasing the exchangeable Value of Produce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
  - 9. Of the Distribution occasioned by personal services and unproductive Consumers, considered as the Means of increasing the exchangeable Value of the whole Produce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
  - 10. Application of some of the preceding Principles to the Distresses of the Labouring Classes since 1815, with General Observations . . . . . . . . . . 413
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Edition: current; Page: [vi]

Principles of Political Economy

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