About the Authors

FRANK CHODOROV, author, editor, journalist, individualist, was editor of The Freeman when his article, "One Worldisffi," appeared in March 1955. "The Source of Rights," produced as a pamphlet in 1954,is a condensa tion from his book, The Income Tax, published by Devin-Adair, New York. [433] GROVER CLEVELAND was President of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. 'Why the President Said No," from a veto message of February 16, 1887, was published by the Foundation in 1954. OSCAR W. COOLEY, formerly active in farmer organiza tion work, is now Assistant Professor of Economics, Ohio Northern University. "Subsidies for Ghosts" was published by the Foundation in 1954. w. M. CURTISS, formerly professor of marketing at Cor nell University, has been a member of the Foundation staff since 1946. "The Tale of a Shirt" is from the July 1955 issue of The Freeman. "The Topsy-Turvy TanH Tangle" was first published in the November 1955 issue of Ideas on Liberty.

E. WILLIAM DYKES is a partner in the architectural firm of Lawrence & Dykes, Canton, Ohio. "'Downtown' So cialism" grew out of his studies of the parking problems in his own community and was published in the June 1955 issue of The Freeman. SAMUEL GOMPERS was president of the American Federa tion of Labor from 1886 to 1924. "Legislated Security Is Bondage" was reprinted by the Foundation in Sep tember 1955 from an address to union members on December 5, 1916. PERCY L. GREAVES, JR. is an economic consultant and regular contributor to Christian Economics. "Does [434] Government Spending Bring Prosperity?" was first published in the February 1955 issue of The Freeman. FLOYD A. HARPER, former professor of marketing at Cor nell University, has been on the Foundation staff since it began operations in 1946."Prosperity by Procreation" is from The Freeman, December 1954. "Agriculture's Sacred Seventh" was published as a pamphlet in 1954.

~"Roots of Economic Understanding~' is from the N0 vember 1955 issue of Ideas on Liberty. FRIEDRICH A. HAYEK, internationally known economic theorist, is a member of the Committee on Social Thought of the University of Chicago and president of the Mont Pelerin Society. "Economic Myths of Early Capitalism," a condensation of the introduction to Capitalism and the Historians (The University of Chi cago Press, 1954), first appeared in The Wall Street Journal,February 4, 1954, and was reprinted that same year by the Foundation. HENRY HAZLITT is .a contributing editor to Newsweek. "Coffee, Butter, and Politics,:" and "A Penalty Tax on Progress" first appeared as columns in Newsweek of February 22 and April 5, 1954, respectively, and were published by the Foundation the same year. HERBERT HOOVER was President of the United States from 1929 to 1933. "The Uncommon Man" was published by the Foundation in 1954 as an extract from his ad[435 ] dress, "The Protection of Freedom," delivered at the reception given by the State of Iowa on his eightieth birthday, West Branch, Iowa, August 10, 1954.

ABBE M. Huc was Missionary Apostolic in China. He traveled throughout the Far East from 1838 to 1852. "Imperial Chinese Welfare State" was reprinted by the Foundation in 1955 from his The Chinese Empire, 1855. CLARENCE E. MANION, formerly Dean of the Law School at Notre Dame, now practices law in South Bend, Indiana. <'The Social Security Tax" was published by the Foundation in the November 1955 Ideas on Liberty as an extract from the Manion Forum of Opinion broadcast of July 24, 1955. F. L. MAUS is a training director in industry. <'The Curse of Something for Nothing" was published by the Foundation in the September 1955 issue of Ideas on Liberty. HUGHSTON M. McBAIN is Chairman of the Board of Marshall Field & Company. <'The Both Sides Idea" is from The Freeman, January 1955. JOHN L. McCAFFREY is president of the International Harvester Company. "Concerning the Boss," published by the Foundation in 1955, is from his address of September 13, 1954, before the Industrial Relations Association of Chicago.

[436 ] LUDWIG VON MisES, outstanding representative of the Austrian School of economics, is visiting professor of economics at the Graduate School of Business Admin istration, New York University. "Inequality of Wealth and Incomes" first appeared in the May 1955 issue of Ideas on Liberty. The cCEconomicsof·War" was pub lished by the Foundation in November 1955 as an abridgment of a chapter from Human Action (Yale University Press, 1949). EDMUND A. OPITZ, for nine years a parish minister, has been a member of the Foundation staff since 1955. ccThe Lengthening Shadow of Government," published by the Foundation in 1954, was based on an article which had appeared in Faith and Freedom in May of that year. cCIn Defense of the Individual" was published in the November 1955 issue of Ideas on Liberty. CHARLES F. PHn.LIPS, teacher, consultant, and author on the economics of marketing, has been president of Bates College in Maine since 1944. cCCompetition?Yes, But ... ," published by the Foundation in 1955, was from an address before the 26th Annual Boston Con ference on Distribution, October 19, 1954.

PAUL L. POIROT, former business economist, has been on the Foundation staff since 1949. "Inhumanity of the Minimum Wage" is from The Freeman, April 1955. "More Than the Traffic Will Bear," "Social Security," and c'Public Housing" were published in 1954. [ 4371 LEONARD E. READ, former manager of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce and vice-president of the Na tional Industrial Conference Board, organized the Foundation for Economic Education in 1946 and has been its president since that time. "Two Kinds of In fluence" and "In an Ideal America" were published in 1954. "How To Get Action," cCSelf Interest: Vice or Virtuer' and "Why Is Slavery Possible?" are from 1955 issues of the journal, Ideas on Liberty. JAMES M. ROGERS, assistant to the president of Ingersoll Milling Machine Company, formerly was a member of the Foundation staff. c'Two Ways to Slavery" is from the August 1955 issue of Ideas on Liberty.

DEAN RUSSELL, a member of the Foundation staff from 1947 through 1955, still contributes an occasional arti cle between jobs as a professional business writer and as a student at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva. cWanted: More Millionaires" was published in 1954. "A Short History of Liberty" is from the January 1955 Freeman. "Who Is a Libertarian?" is from Ideas on Liberty, May 1955. "What Can I do?" written in answer to the question from a friend of the Foundation, was published in the November 1955 issue of Ideas on Liberty. ARCHIBALD RUTLEDGE is the noted author, poet, and owner of Hampton Plantation in South Carolina. "Se curity May Betray Us" is from the November 1955 issue of Ideas on Liberty. [438 ] MARK C. SCHINNERER, superintendent of schools, Cleve land, Ohio, also is a member of the National Advisory Council for Scholastic Magazines in which "Something for Nothing?" was nrst published January 6, 1954. It was republished the same year by the Foundation.

CA.RL SCHURZ was a German immigrant, Civil War gen eral, senator, Interior Secretary, editor, and author. "Equal Rights" was reprinted in the May 1955 issue of Idea3 on Liberty as an extract from Speeches of Carl Schurz, 1865. KENNETH W. SOLLITT is minister of The First Baptist Church, Midland, Michigan. "Oysters or Eagles?" was published by the Foundation in 1954 as an extract from ('The Road to Freedom" which first appeared in Christian Economics, August 1, 1954. JOHN -C. SPARKS is a businessman from Canton, Ohio. "If Men Were Free To Try," published by the Foundation in 1954, grew out of his participation in an essay cen test on the subject of highway improvement. HERBERT SPENCER (1820-1903) is the famed philosopher and author whose nineteenth century insight into human action makes his work live on as a modem guide toward freedom. "Principles Are Inflexible"was reprinted by the Foundation in Ideas on Liberty, Sep tember 1955 from Social Statics (D. Appleton & Com pany, 1865).

[439 ] MARTEN TEN HOOR is dean of the College of Arts and Sciences and professor of philosophy at the University of Alabama. "Education for Privacy," first printed in The American Scholar, Winter 1953-54, wasrepub lished by the Foundation in the May 1955 issue of Ideas on Liberty. H. G. THUESEN is Head, School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Oklahoma A & M College. "Every_ body Wins in Free Enterprise" first appeared in The Oklaho111lLProfessional Engineer, April 1952, and ",ras republished by the Foundation in 1954. HENRY GRADY WEAVER (1889-1949) is the author of The Mainspring of Human Progress. "Talking to Ourselves," published by the Foundation in 1948, was reprinted in Ideas on Liberty, September 1955. GEORGE WINDER is a well-known British economic analyst and author. "Currency Convertibility," which ap peared in the November issue of Ideas on Liberty, is a selection from his book, The Free Convertibility at Sterling (London: Institute of Economic AfFairs,1955).

[440] INDEX See pages 433-440 for a brief biographical sketch of authors of the essays appearing in this volume. A Action, securing, 102 Acton, .John, 189n Aggression, 385, 397; see also, Gov ernment; War Agriculture exports, 22, 256 prices, 22, 254, 256, 425 subsidies, 22, 254, 256, 264 supply, 304, 425 America belief in, 133 ideal, 55 plans of, 316 Anthracite Health and Welfare Fund 32 ' Association, law of, 419 Automobile industry, 20, 340 B Babbitt, Irving, 226 Bargaining, 332; see also, Trade Bastiat, Frederic freedom in transactions, 190 State powers, 401 trade, 377 Bell & Howell Company, 370 Bellamy, Edward, 57 Birth rate, 66 Bonds, government, 38 Booms, 292 Bosses, corporation, 240 Both-sides idea, 355 Botkin, B. A., 27n Brazil, coffee production in, 425 Brown, A. T., 378 Buck, Hart; free trade, 284 Burckhardt, Jakob Christoph, 189n Business barometer for, 287 cycles, 293 monopoly, 289 Buying and selling, 13, 202; see also, Production Byrd, Richard, 159 C Canada, resources of, 284 Capital. See Income; Money; Wealth Capitalism advantages of, 75, 109 economic myths of, 192 see also, Free market Carmoy, Guy de, 24 Cartels, 427 Chain stores, 15 Chamberlain, John; forgotten man, 57 Charity, 29, 255, 340 Chentsoung, 276 Chesterton, G. K., 225 Chinese Welfare State, 272 Chodorov, Frank one world ism, 417 source of rights, 136 Cleveland, Grover; subsidy, 254 Coal industry, 32 Collectivism, 75, 91; see also, Government Communism, 99, 125, 264 Community deterioration, 343 Competition economics and, 13 education and, 23, 122 foreign, 325, 367 housing, 330 textile, 26, 202 trade and, 13 value in, 109 voluntary, 92, 287 see also, Free market Constitution, U.S., federal aid aDd, 255 Cooley, Oscar W.; subsidies, 269 Com Laws, 198 Corporation executives, 240 Creativeness, 63, 397 Criminality, 235 Currency, 381; see also, Money Curtiss, W. M.