Henry Salvatori; J. Doti

He was buried at Jordans, next to GulL Long before his death, Pennsylvania ceased to be a spiritual place dominated by Quakers. Penn's policy of religious tol eration and peace-no military conscrip tion-attracted all kinds of war-weary Eu ropean immigrants. There were English, Irish, and Germans, Catholics, Jews, and an assortment of Protestant sects including Dunkers, Huguenots, Lutherans, Menno nites, Moravians, Pietists, and Schwen kfelders. Liberty brought so many immi grants that by the American Revolution Pennsylvania had grown to some 300,000 people and became one of the largest colo nies. Pennsylvania was America's first great melting pot. Philadelphia was America's largest city with almost 18,000 people. It was a major commercial center-sometimes more than a hundred trading ships anchored there during a single day. People in Philadelphia could enjoy any of the goods available in England.

Merchant companies, shipyards, and banks flourished. Philadelphia thrived as an entrepot between Europe and the American frontier. With an atmosphere of liberty, Philadel phia emerged as an intellectual center. Be tween 1740 and 1776, Philadelphia presses issued an estimated 11,000 works including pamphlets, almanacs, and books. In 1776, there were seven newspapers reflecting a wide range of opinions. No wonder Penn's "city of brotherly love" became the most sacred site for American liberty, where Thomas JefIerson wrote the Declaration of Independence, and delegates drafted the Constitution. By creating Pennsylvania, Penn set an enormously important example for liberty. He showed that people who are courageous enough, persistent enough, and resourceful enough can live free. He went beyond the natural right theories of his friend John Locke and showed how a free society would actually work. He showed how individuals of different races and religions can live together peacefully when they mind their own business. He affirmed the resilient op timism of free people. D Henry Salvatori-A Man of Integrity by James L. Doti E veryone seems to have strong beliefs these days. No one seems to be reticent about sharing those beliefs with anyone who will listen. Whether it is a question about government being bigger or smaller or taxes being higher or lower or welfare spending going up or down, most people have definite views.

Dr. Doti is President of Chapman University in Orange, California. What is uncommon nowadays is not peo ple with strongly held beliefs but people who are willing to put their beliefs into action. I have had the honorand privilegeto come to know personally a wise man who has the guts and fortitude to act on his convictions. Henry Salvatori's deep and abiding love for the United States, which is based on the opportunity that awaited him and his immi grant family when they arrived from Italy in 666 THE FREEMAN • OCTOBER 1995 1906, drives his desire to see that our youth acknowledge what made our country great. This desire finds expression through the Henry Salvatori Foundationa foundation established to help preserve and revitalize America's founding principles and ensure that we do not lose sight of what our forefathers created. In a society where academe is increas ingly dominated by the multicultural view that the United States has no shared culture and nothing special to offer the rest of the world, American values and traditions may strike one as outdated. But before conclud ing that promoting such values and tradi tions is an anachronistic attempt to stimu late a blind and jingoistic patriotism, one should look at the visionary life's work of Henry Salvatori.

After graduating from the University of Pennsylvania in 1923,he received a master's degree in physics from Columbia University in 1926. Mr. Salvatori played a leading role with the development of the seismic method of oil exploration that is still an industry standard. In 1933,he founded Western Geo physical Company. Under his ownership and leadership, it became a great success in providing geophysical exploration services to the oil industry in the United States and world wide. Long before the subject of computer science became fashionable in higher edu cation, Henry Salvatori's passion for scien tific development led him to establish a computer science center and chair in com puter science at the University of Southern California and a chair in computer and cognitive sciences at the University of Penn sylvania. Mr. Salvatori's forward thinking was also evident in the area of political philosophy.

His financial assistance to William Buckley Jr. in the 1950s helped start the National Review. When the Great Society was in full bloom in the late 1960s,The Henry Salvatori Center for the Study of Individual Freedom in the Modern World was established at Claremont-McKenna College. He was an early supporter of the Intercollegiate Stud ies Institute, which among its many other Henry Salvatori activities oversees The Salvatori Center for American Founding Studies at Boston University. After chairing Barry Goldwater's presi dential campaign in California, Henry Sal vatori was instrumental in convincing Ronald Reagan to run for governor, thereby launching a career that would lead to the presidency and the Reagan revolution. Dur ing those revolutionary years when the New Deal coalition unraveled, Henry Salvatori was part of Reagan's "Kitchen Cabinet." Given Mr. Salvatori's penchant for back ing trends long before they become popular, it is not surprising that he has been a longtime financial supporter of the Heritage Foundation, a think tank in Washington, D.C. committed to the Jeffersonian philos ophy of limited government.

The establishment of the Henry Salvatori Foundation is an earnest attempt to make coming generations aware of the great truths HENRY SALVATORI-A MAN OF INTEGRITY 667 that lie at the heart of our country's consti tutional order. While it may strike one as unfashionable to help young people now and in the future better understand our nation's traditions, heritage, and common culture, it is probably more important than ever to be enlightened by the ideas of federalism, the separation of powers, free markets and free speech, individual rights, the culture of principled dissent, and the dangers of ma joritarian rule. In a world slowly sliding into intolerance and rigidity, a rigorous exami nation of individual freedom and responsi bility seems to take on heightened impor tance. Political Correctness Takes Hold A recent article by Evan Gahr in The Wall Street Journal (January 27, 1995)points out that most major foundations are bankrolling political correctness on college campuses across the nation. Gahr cites the work of a project director for several Ford Foundation grants, Johnella Butler, who wrote in a recent essay: "We are only beginning to undo the effects of the distortions set in motion 500 years ago when Columbus brought massacre and the most brutal form of slavery known to these shores, all in the interest of spreading Western civilization with all its long lasting assumptions of racial, cultural and male superiority."

Are those the assumptions of Western civilization? What about the Greeks' reli ance on reason and rational disputation in advancing the search for truth or the Judeo Christian tradition of independence from the state? What about John Locke's view of "natural law" or the English tradition of freedom and limits on the tyrannical use of power? What about Adam Smith and laissez faire? AndwhataboutourConstitution-a work of creative genius with its separation of powers, checks and balances, and Bill of Rights that seeks to limit the power of government and provide personal freedom and equality under the law? Certainly, few would deny the significance of the Constitution-perhaps the finest document ever written for the establishment of self-govern ment. Yet, the Constitution was not among the 31 "standards" included by the authors of the soon-to-be-released list of "National Standards for United States History" that these authors believe are critical for student understanding.

Herman Cubillos, a former foreign minister of Chile, recently stated: The countries of Latin America have always looked for example to the world's great melting pot, the U.S. Now we see that the U.S. is exacerbating its inter group differences by making group mem bership the basis for government favors and handicaps, as well as by treating the culture of George Washington and Abra ham Lincoln as an embarrassing anach ronism. If the U.S. doesn't want to sink into the Third World out of which we are rising, it must treasure its culture. Establishing a foundation committed to supporting efforts that lead to an enlightened love of our country and the justice and nobility of its heritage is not passe. These are values and traditions that should not be shunted aside but rather examined carefully in order to understand the challenges to our society posed by the ideas of freedom and reason. Henry Salvatori has again been a visionary in identifying a need before the rest of the pack-namely the need to en courage scholarship and teaching that foster the articulation of those great truths that lie at the heart of freedom.

I recently asked Henry Salvatori what he believes is the secret for success. He replied briefly but succinctly, "There should be complete and absolute integrity in everything one does." It is Henry Salvatori's integrity that not only gives him the courage of his convic tionsbut alsothe qualitiesofheartand mind that lead him to act on those strongly held convictions. To those of us concerned about preserving American values and traditions, it is reassuring to know that one person can still make a significant difference in the world. D Economics of Trial Econ 101: Do We Really Need Another Samuelson? by Mark Skousen "Every economics editor in the business has been looking for the new Samuelson since the 1970s." -The New York Times, March 14, 1995 T he economics profession is all abuzz with the news, recently announced in The New York Times, that N. Gregory Mankiw, a 37-year-old economics professor at Harvard, was paid an incredible $1.4 million advance by Harcourt Brace to write the next "Samuelson" textbook.