March

THEFREEMAN IDEAS ON LIBERTY FEATURES 132 134 136 141 146 148 152 155 158 160 162 163 166 168 173 Center 144 156 180 130 183 The America We Lost by Mario A. Pei How the spirit of freedom was superseded by the search for security. Fallacies of Uncritical Multiculturalism by Tibor R. Machan Many cultural differences are far from benign. The Rise of Government and the Decline of Morality by James A. Dorn As the State burgeons, virtue recedes. The Guaranteed Life by Maxwell Anderson A playwright's timeless plea for limited government and individual liberty. America's Other Democracy by William H. Peterson The virtues of the market economy. Inequality of Wealth and Incomes by Ludwig von Mises He who best serves consumers profits most. Competition and Cooperation by Donald J. Boudreaux and Hugh Macaulay In a peaceful,prosperous society,competitionand cooperationare channeledinto their appropriaterealms.

"From Each According to His Abilities ..." by Thomas J. Shelly A lesson in socialism. Legalized Immorality by Clarence Manion Unlimited government propagates the very evils that it is designed to reduce. Nullifying the Rule of Law by Mark S. Pulliam Reconsidering jury nullification. Why It Matters by Roger M. Clites An evaluation of the Quebec secession question. Warning: OSHA Can Be Hazardous to Your Health by Raymond J. Keating The dangers of unbridled workplace regulation. Private Enterprise Regained by Henry Hazlitt How the Pilgrims abandoned communism in favor of freedom. Prosperity Without Pollution by John Semmens We can have both a growing economy and an improving environment. James Madison-Checks and Balances to Limit Government Power by Jim Powell A tribute to the Father of the Constitution. COLUMNS NOTES from FEE-The Meaning of Freedom by Hans F: Sennholz IDEAS and CONSEQUENCES-My Kind of President by Lawrence W Reed POTOMAC PRINCIPLES-The Morality of Freedom by Doug Bandow ECONOMICS on TRIAL-What Do You Make of This Graph? by Mark Skousen DEPARTMENTS Perspective-William H. Peterson, Leonard E. Read Book Reviews -Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth by Gitta Sereny, reviewed by Bettina Bien Greaves; Noah's Choice: The Future ofEndangered Species by Charles C. Mann and Mark L. Plummer, reviewed by Doug Bandow; The Sword ofImagination: Memoirs ofa Half-Century ofLiterary Conflict by Russell Kirk, reviewed by William 1. Watkins, Jr.; The Solzhenitsyn Files, edited by Michael Scammell, reviewed by Robert Batemarco; Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical by Chris Matthew Sciabarra, reviewed by David M. Brown; Payback: The Conspiracy to Destroy Michael Milken and His Financial Revolution by Daniel R. Fischel, reviewed by George C. Leef; To Renew America by Newt Gingrich, reviewed by Wesley Allen Riddle.

THEFREEMAN IDEASON LIBERTY Published by The Foundation for Economic Education Irvington-on-Hudson, NY 10533 Phone (914) 591-7230 FAX (914) 591-8910 E-mail: freeman@westnet.com President: Hans F. Sennholz Managing Editor: Beth A. Hoffman Guest Editor: William H. Peterson Editor Emeritus Paul L. Poirot Lewisburg, Pennsylvania Book Review Editor Robert Batemarco Marymount College, Tarrytown, New York Associate Editor Gregory P. Pavlik Assistant Editor William J. Watkins, Jr. Editorial Assistant Mary Ann Murphy Columnists Doug Bandow Cato Institute, Washington, D.C. Lawrence W. Reed Mackinac Center for Public Policy Midland, Michigan Mark Skousen Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida Contributing Editors Charles W. Baird California State University, Hayward Doug Bandow Cato Institute, Washington, D.C. Peter J. Boettke New York University Clarence B. Carson American Textbook Committee Wadley, Alabama Thomas J. DiLorenzo Loyola College, Baltimore, Maryland Joseph S. Fulda New York, New York Bettina Bien Greaves Resident Scholar, FEE Robert Higgs The Independent Institute, Oakland, California John Hospers University of Southern California Tibor R. Machan Auburn University Edmund A. Opitz Chatham, Massachusetts James L. Pay~e Sandpoint i Idaho William H. Peterson Adjunct Sqholar,HeritageFoundation, Washington,D.C.

Jane S. Shaw' PERC, Bozeman, Montana Richard H. Timberlake University of Georgia Lawrence H. White University of Georgia The Freeman is the monthly publication of The Foundation for Economic Education, Inc., Irvington-on-Hudson, NY 10533. FEE, established in 1946 by Leonard E. Read, is a nonpolitical, educa tional champion of private property, the free market, and limited government. FEE is classified as a 26 USC 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization. Copyright © 1996 by The Foundation for Economic Education. Permission is granted to reprint any article in this issue, except "James Madison," provided appropriate credit is given and two copies of the reprinted material are sent to The Foundation. The costs of Foundation projects and services are met through donations, which are invited in any amount. Donors of $30.00or more receive a subscription to TheFreeman. Student subscriptions are $10.00 for the nine-month academic year; $5.00 per semester. Additional copies of singleissues of The Freeman are $3.00. For foreign delivery, a donation of $45.00a year is suggested to cover mailing costs.

Bound volumes of The Freeman are available from The Foundation for calendar years 1972to date. The Freeman is available in microform from University Microfilms, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48106. COVER ART: GroverCleveland PERSPECTIVE Thoughts on FEE's 50th Anniversary It is force, not opinion, that queens its way over the world, but it is opinion that looses the force. -Blaise Pascal, 1670 How to get from here to therefrom (to supply a current benchmark on massive government) the U.S. $1.7 trillion budget, over to a widespread reaffirmation of the rule of law, of freedom and free enterprise, in America and throughout the West? That reaffirmation is the challenge that the Foun dation for Economic Education has tackled since it was chartered in March 1946. How has it done so? By seeking to re shape public opinion through such things as seminars and discussion clubs, but in the main through the printed word, through its Essays on Liberty early in its career, a variety of books and, for the last 40 years or so, its monthly, The Freeman.

In this issue, some early FEE essays some early roots-are reprinted. The spirit of FEE's founder and first president, Leon ard E. Read, who hammered out what he called the Freedom Philosophy, underlies these works. Why are words and thoughts so pivotal? With words we rule men, said Disraeli. Thought precedes human action, said Mises. Ideas have consequences, said Weaver. The power of ideas through words, spoken or written, on the human mind and hence on the course of human events is incontestable. That power was seen by St. Paul in his Epistles such as those to the Romans, Corin thians, and Galatians. Through these letters to clusters of early Christians, St. Paul mightily helped convert people to Christi anity, extended the New Testament, and became a fountainhead of Christian faith and doctrine. The power of words is seen further from 1776 through 1783 in Thomas Paine's The Crisis. Paine's words still hold true for 1996: These are the times that try men's souls.

130 George Washington hailed Paine the pam phleteer for helping to forge the American Revolution. Later on, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, under the nom de plume of Publius, wrote 85 papers seriatim of The Federalist, 1787-1788,mostly aimed at the people of New York State so as to win ratification of the U.s. Constitution as laid down in Philadelphia in 1787. More periodicals, The Liberator, 1831 1866, flowed from the pen of abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison. He favored moral suasion over violence or political involve ment. He helped organize the Anti-Slavery Society and was long its president. He opposed the Civil War until the Emancipa tion Proclamation. He ceased publication of The Liberator with the passage of the 13th Amendment barring involuntary servitude. But a sort of involuntary servitude still persists in America and accounts for the rise of FEE. For example, Washington-based Americans for Tax Reform, led by Grover Norquist, says that the typical American enjoys personal freedom beginning on July 9th when he or she willhave paid for the cost of taxes and regulation imposed by govern ment. The Norquist calculation may suggest that today' s American is more than half slave.

In the second half of its century, with public opinion continuing to rule the roost as it has for millennia, FEE carries on its fight to shape that opinion for better ends and means by continuing to promote Leonard Read's boundless optimism and Freedom Philosophy. -WILLIAM H. PETERSON Guest Editor The May 1996 issue of The Freeman will be a celebration of 50 years of FEE-and 40 years of The Freeman. PERSPECTIVE In An Ideal America Every person should be free · . . to pursue his ambition to the full extent of his abilities, regardless of race or creed or family background. · . . to associate with whom he pleases for any reason he pleases, even if someone else thinks it's a stupid reason. · .. to worship God in his own way, even if it isn't "orthodox." · . . to choose his own trade and to apply for any job he wants-and to quit his job if he doesn't like it or if he gets a better offer. · . . to go into business for himself, be his own boss, and set his own hours of work even if it's only three hours a week.

· .. to use his honestly acquired property or savings in his own way-spend it foolishly, invest it wisely, or even give it away. · . . to offer his services or products for sale on his own terms, even if he loses money on the deal. · .. to buy or not to buy any service or product offered for sale, even if the refusal displeases the seller. · . . to disagree with any other person, even when the majority is on the side of the other person. · . . to study and learn whatever strikes his fancy, as long as it seems to him worth the cost and effort of studying and learning it. · . . to do as he pleases in general, as long as he doesn't infringe the equal right and op portunity of every other person to do as he pleases. -LEONARD E. READ, 1898-1983 Founding President of FEE 131 FEE Classic Reprint The America We Lost by Mario A. Pei W hen I first came to America in 1908, I learned a new meaning of the word "liberty"-freedom from government.