July

404 The Amazing Creative Power of One by Stanley 1. Mason, Jr. Without good new ideas, progress stalls and civilizations perish, this inventor says. 408 A Victim of Wetlands Regulations by Marisa Manley Federal bureaucrats versus Maryland land developer James 1. Wilson. 415 How We Privatized Social Security in Chile by Jose Piiiera A success story. 421 Taxation Without Justice by Dean Stansel A roundup. 423 Communitarians and Slavery by Tibor R. Machan The uneasy link. 426 A Mises Gallery Photographs from the collection of Bettina Bien Greaves. 434 Robert A. Heinlein's Soaring Spirit of Liberty by Jim Powell The inspiring story of the celebrated science fiction writer. COLUMNS Center NOTES from FEE-The Market: The Only Trustworthy Pollster by Donald J. Boudreaux 413 IDEAS and CONSEQUENCES-The Predatory Bogeyman by Lawrence W Reed 419 POTOMAC PRINCIPLES-Taxing Time by Doug Bandow 447 ECONOMICS on TRIAL-The Mysteries of the Great Depression Finally Solved by Mark Skousen DEPARTMENTS 394 Perspective-A Salute to Bettina Bien Greaves 424 Who Said What About Liberty? (a quiz) 449 Book Reviews •Libertarians and Liberalism-Essays in Honour of Gerard Radnitzky by Hardy Bouillon, reviewed by George C. Leef; The Long Affair: Thomas Jefferson and the French Revolution, 1785-1800 by Conor Cruise O'Brien, reviewed by Aeon James Skoble; The Libertarian Reader: Classic & Contemporary Writings From Lao-Tzu to Milton Friedman by David Boaz, reviewed by William H. Peterson; The Unknown Lenin, From the Secret Archive edited by Richard Pipes, reviewed by Joseph T. Fuhrmann; The Disadvantages of Being Educated by Robert M. Thornton, reviewed by Edmund A. Opitz.

455 Answers to the Liberty Quiz THEFREEMAN IDEAS ON UBERTY Published by The Foundation for Economic Education Irvington-on-Hudson, NY 10533 Phone (914) 591-7230 FAX (914) 591-8910 E-mail: freeman@westnet.com FEE Home Page: http://www.fee.org President: Donald J. Boudreaux Managing Editor: Beth A. Hoffman Guest Editor: Jim Powell Editor Emeritus Paul L. Poirot Lewisburg, Pennsylvania Book Review Editor George C. Leef Adjunct Professor of Law and Economics, Northwood University Editorial Assistant Mary Ann Murphy Columnists Doug Bandow Cato Institute, Washington, D.C. Lawrence W. Reed Mackinac Center for Public Policy Midland, Michigan Mark Skousen Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida Contributing Editors Charles W. Baird California State University, Hayward Peter J. Boettke New York University Clarence B. Carson American Textbook Committee Wadley, Alabama Thomas J. DiLorenzo Loyola College, Baltimore, Maryland Joseph S. Fulda New York, New York Bettina Bien Greaves Resident Scholar, FEE John Hospers University of Southern California Tibor R. Machan Auburn University Ronald Nash Reformed Theological Seminary Edmund A. Opitz Chatham, Massachusetts James L. Payne Sandpoint, Idaho Jim Powell Westport, Connecticut William H. Peterson Adjunct Scholar, Heritage Foundation, Washington, D.C.

Sheldon Richman Herndon, Virginia Jane S. Shaw PERC, Bozeman, Montana Richard H. Timberlake University of Georgia The Freeman is the monthly publication of The Foundation for Economic Education, Inc., Irvington-on-Hudson, NY 10533. FEE, established in 1946 by Leonard E. Read, is a nonpolitical, educational champion of private property, the free market, and limited government. FEE is classified as a 26 USC 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization. Copyright © 1997 by The Foundation for Economic Education. Permission is granted to reprint any article in this issue, except "Robert Heinlein," provided credit is given and two copies of the reprinted material are sent to FEE. The costs of Foundation projects and services are met through dona tions, which are invited in any amount. Donors of $30.00or more receive a subscription to The Freeman. Student subscriptions are $10.00 for the nine-month academic year; $5.00 per semester. Additional copies of this issue of The Freeman are $3.00 each. For foreign delivery, a donation of $45.00 a year is suggested to cover mailing costs.

Bound volumes of The Freemanare availablefrom The Foundation for calendar years 1972 to date. The Freeman is available in microform from University Microfilms, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48106. PERSPECTIVE A Saluteto BettinaBien Greaves Bettina Bien Greaves is an extraordinary, unsung resource for liberty. Now FEE's Res ident Scholar, a FEE Trustee, Freeman Con tributing Editor, and two-time Guest Editor, she has done so many things for so many people for so long, it's past time to publicly acknowledge her myriad contributions. If you ask Bettina, she says she has only done her job, tried to answer questions people ask, and learned a good bit herself along the way. With her late husband, Percy L. Greaves, Jr., she attended Ludwig von Mises's fabled economics seminar at New York University for nearly two decades. She took notes in those seminars and she helped make arrange ments for the "Mises Dinner Circle" which, during the 1950s and 1960s, gave libertarian speakers a rare respectful forum in New York.

She did practically everything, even humble chores, to help make Ludwig and Margit von Mises comfortable during their last years. Along the way, Bettina made herself into the world's foremost Mises authority. She amassed hundreds, perhaps thousands of ar ticles by and about Mises-in Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish, as well as English. She translated some of these articles. She checked facts about Mises firsthand in Austria and Switzerland where he had lived. The material she gathered became the basis for her authoritative two-volume Mises: An Annotated Bibliography (1993, 1995), which provides generous selections from articles and books, illuminating the intellectual his tory of the twentieth century. Bettina's schol arship revealed that Mises's influence ex tended much farther than anybody had imagined. Bettina made herself perhaps the premier archivist of the postwar libertarian move ment. She could always be counted on to squirrel awayworthwhile documents and pub lications virtually impossible to find later. Her files include a remarkable collection of arti cles by Rose Wilder Lane. She has Henry Hazlitt's 20 years of Newsweek columns. She has what is probably the world's largest col394 lection of material on Frederic Bastiat-plus material on Frank Chodorov, Murray Roth bard, and many other important thinkers.

Long before mainstream publishers began to run articles and issue books by libertarian authors, there were livelydebates in libertar ian publications such as Plain Talk, American Affairs, Books for Libertarians, Christian Eco nomics, Inquiry, Journal ofLibertarian Studies, New Individualist Review, Libertarian Review, Liberty, and Reason. Most of these are gone, and even the ones still going can't be found at most libraries, but they're in Bettina's office. She has material from many of the early libertarian organizations which became land marks in the movement, including the Na tional Economic Council, Joint Council on Economic Education, National Committee for Monetary Reform, National Committee for Constitutional Government, America's Future, and the American Economic Foun dation. She has a collection of the papers presented to the Mont Pelerin Society, the international society of classicalliberal schol ars.

Bettina's personal library, which exceeds 5,000 books, is a major resource. It includes extensive holdings on American history, civil liberties, philosophy, economic theory, money, the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression, the New Deal, Pearl Harbor, and other subjects related to liberty. She smiles,"I come by this naturally. I'm a third-generation bibliophile." Bettina recognized the vital importance of reaching young people at an age when they are embracing ideas they would likely hold for the rest of their lives. Accordingly, she spearheaded FEE's pioneering program to provide libertarian material for high school debaters-information which wouldn't be found in local libraries. For almost two de cades, she assembled sophisticated yet easy to-understand packets on foreign aid, govern ment regulations, medical care, subsidies, the media, and many other issues.These mailings PERSPECTIVE went out to as many as 1,200high schools and several hundred colleges each year. Bettina helped students further bywritingFree Market Economics:A Syllabus (1975)and editing Free Market Economics: A Basic Reader (1975) with 81 choice selections by such authors as Mises, Hazlitt, Chodorov, Davy Crockett, Jean Baptiste Say, FEE founder Leonard E.

Read, and FEE president emeritus Hans F. Sennholz. Countless people have visited FEE and expressed heartfelt thanks to Bettina for helping them find their way. Born in Washington, D.C., Bettina grew up the daughter of homebuilder-architect Van Tuyl Hart Bien; he lost practically everything in the Great Depression, and the family then moved to a log cabin in Bethesda, Maryland. At Wheaton College (Norton, Mass.), where she majored in botany, Bettina learned some French and German. When World War II came she accepted a government secretarial job with the Board of Economic Warfare. This took her to South America, where she learned Spanish, and to Europe where, among other things, she improved her German. She joined FEE as a correspondence sec retary in March 1951. That fall she began attending Mises's New York University eco nomics seminar. Since then, she has given lectures across the United States and around the world. On her travels, she has helped maintain vital contacts with libertarians in such far-flung places as Australia, the Baha mas, Japan, Guatemala, Italy, Finland, the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, and Rus sia.

This month marks Bettina's 80th birthday, something that she doesn't really want to be reminded of. But so many people have ex pressed gratitude for what she has done that we're glad to report she continues to enjoy good health-she regularly drives nearly 60 miles to participate in discussions about lib erty. Please feel free to send your best wishes to her at FEE. -JIM POWELL, Guest Editor 395 THEFREEMAN IDEAS ON LIBERTY An ExclusiveFreeman Inteniew: RudolphRummelTalks About the Miracleof Libertyand Peace S ince the late nineteenth century, most intellectuals have embraced the illusion that government could somehow be tamed. They promoted a vast expansion of govern ment power supposedly to do good. But the twentieth century turned out to be the bloodiest in human history, confirming the worst fears of classicalliberals who had always warned about government power. Perhaps nobody has done a better job documenting its horrors than University of Hawaii political science professor emeritus Rudolph J. Rum mel.