References

BOOK ONE

TRIAL-AND ERROR

1. Raymond Moley, “After Seven Years,” (Harper, 1939), p. 152.

2. New York Times, May 14, 1933.

3. This incident is told in full in Moley “After Seven Years,” pps. 138-161.

4. The material for what follows in this chapter was gathered partially from the following: Moley’s “After Seven Years”; William Starr Myers and Walter H. Newton’s “The Hoover Administration” (Scribner, 1936); Rixey Smith and Norman Beasley’s “Carter Glass” (Longmans, 1939). Mr. Moley wrote from the point of view of Mr. Roosevelt; Messrs. Myers and Newton from the point of view of Mr. Hoover. However, I have had the opportunity of personally interviewing various persons intimately connected with these events and in some cases of examining notes made by them at the time.

5. All figures used throughout the text relating to government finances are based upon U. S. Treasury Reports.

6. Gaetano Salvemini and George La-Piana, “What To Do With Italy” (Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1943). Mr. Salvemini has a choice collection of tributes to Mussolini from Americans.

7. Congressional Record, 69th Cong., 1st Sess., Jan. 14, 1926.

8. John T. Flynn, “The Code Chisel,” Collier’s Magazine, Nov. 3, 1934.

9. Charles Frederick Roos, “NRA–Economic Planning” (Principia Press, 1937), p. 59.

10. Hugh S. Johnson, “The Blue Eagle from Egg to Earth” (Doubleday, 1935).

11. Report of the National Recovery Review Board (Darrow Board), New York Times, May 21, 1934.

12. Frances Perkins, “The Roosevelt I Knew” (Viking, 1946).

13. Ernest K. Lindley, “Half Way with Roosevelt” (Viking, 1936), p. 151. For a full discussion of the origins of the NRA, see John T. Flynn’s “Whose Child is the NRA?”, Harper’s Magazine, September, 1934.

14. Frances Perkins, “The Roosevelt I Knew,” p. 252.

15. Raymond Moley, “After Seven Years,” p. 159.

16. Emil Ludwig, “Roosevelt: A Study in Fortune and Power” (Viking, 1938).

17. The facts about this conference are drawn from Moley’s “After Seven Years” and “Memoirs of Cordell Hull,” New York Times, Jan. 26 to March 6, 1948.

18. “John N. Garner’s Story,” Collier’s Magazine, Feb. 21 to Mar. 20, 1948.

19. Excerpts from “The Morgenthau Diaries,” Collier’s Magazine, Sept. 27 to Nov. 1, 1947.

20. Statement to me by Senator William E. Borah.

21. Excerpts from “The Morgenthau Diaries.”

22. John T. Flynn, “The Social Security Reserve Swindle,” Harper’s Magazine, Feb., 1939.

23. “John N. Garner’s Story.”

24. Harnett Kane, “Louisiana Hayride” (Morrow, 1941).

25. Raymond Moley, “After Seven Years,” p. 299.

26. George Creel, “Rebel At Large” (Putnam, 1947), pps. 280 to 287.

27. Frances Perkins, “The Roosevelt I Knew,” p. 124.

28. The so-called “Wirt incident” was reported fully in the newspapers of the time.

29. Frances Perkins, “The Roosevelt I Knew,” p. 330.

30. Benjamin Stolberg, “The Story of the CIO” (Viking, 1938). This volume contains an excellent and reliable account of the labor movement during the Roosevelt administrations up to 1938.

31. Martin Dies, “The Trojan Horse in America” (Dodd, Mead, 1940).

32. “Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt,” Vol. 5, pps. 285-292 (Random House).

BOOK TWO

CONFUSION

1. Raymond Moley, “After Seven Years,” pps. 369, 370.

2. “John N. Garner’s Story.”

3. Ibid.

4. My information comes from the United States Senator who took the warning to Roosevelt.

5. An extensive account of the Court-packing episode has been written by Joseph Alsop and Turner Catledge, “The 168 Days,” Saturday Evening Post, Feb. 18, 1937. James A. Farley, “Jim Farley’s Story” (Whittlesey House, 1948) has also given a rather full account. I have personally interviewed many of those engaged in that historic struggle.

6. There are several sets of statistics on unemployment for this period. I have adopted those of the National Industrial Conference Board as the most accurate as well as the most conservative. The estimates of unemployment by the American Federation of Labor’s research bureau ran much higher.

7. The facts about these inner conferences were brought to light long after they took place by James A. Farley in “Jim Farley’s Story” and by Henry Morgenthau, Jr., in excerpts from “The Morgenthau Diaries.”

8. James A. Farley, “Jim Farley’s Story.”

9. The facts relating to the 1938 election activities of the WPA are taken from the official report of the U. S. Senate Committee on Campaign Expenditures.

10. Blair Bolles, in the American Mercury, Sept., 1936.

11. For a full discussion of the origins of National Socialism, Fascism and their relation to National Planning, see John T. Flynn’s “As We Go Marching” (Doubleday, 1944).

12.American Economic Review, Supplement, Vol. XXII, No. 1, March, 1932.

13. George Soule, “The Planned Economy” (Macmillan, 1932), and Stuart Chase, “Autarchy,” Scribner’s Magazine, Sept., 1933.

14. Stuart Chase, “Autarchy,” Scribner’s Magazine, Sept., 1933.

15. Thorstein Veblen, “The Engineers and the Price System” (Viking, 1921), p. 81.

16. For a full discussion of these theories see “An Economic Program for American Democracy” by Seven Harvard and Tufts Professors (Vanguard, 1938); Alvin H. Hansen’s “Fiscal Policy and Business Cycles” (Norton, 1941). For an analysis and answer to the Hansen theories see John T. Flynn’s “The Post-War Federal Debt,” Harper’s Magazine, July, 1942.

17. Cordell Hull, “Memoirs,” New York Times, Jan. 26 to March 6, 1948.

18. Ibid.

19. “Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt,” 1937 Vol., 414 ff.

20. Edward J. Flynn, “You’re the Boss” (Viking, 1947), p. 154.

21. Charles Michaelson, “The Ghost Talks” (Putnam, 1944), p. 147.

22. Frances Perkins, “The Roosevelt I Knew,” pps. 125-128.

23. Ibid.

24. James A. Farley, “Jim Farley’s Story,” p. 152.

25. Ibid., pps. 151-173.

26. Ibid.

27. For a full account of the origins and performances of the Kelly-Nash machine of Chicago, see John T. Flynn’s “These Our Rulers,” Collier’s Magazine, June 29 to July 20, 1941.

28. The facts concerning Sidney Hillman are taken from the reports of and testimony before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, “The Story of the CIO” by Benjamin Stolberg, numerous columns by Westbrook Pegler covering his investigations of the Rosen and Lepke cases, and from my own inquiries into the Lepke case.

29. James A. Farley, “Jim Farley’s Story,” p. 59.

30. Ibid., p. 257.

31. Frances Perkins, “The Roosevelt I Knew,” p. 130.

32. Cordell Hull, “Memoirs.”

33. Ibid.

34. Edward J. Flynn, “You’re the Boss,” pps. 156, 157.

35. Frances Perkins, “The Roosevelt I Knew,” pps. 130-134.

36. James A. Farley, “Jim Farley’s Story,” p. 300.

37. Ross T. McIntire, “White House Physician” (Putnam, 1946), p. 125.

38. James A. Farley, “Jim Farley’s Story,” p. 233.

39. I have a letter from Governor Alfred Landon confirming these facts.

BOOK THREE

BETRAYAL

1. New York Times, Dec. 24, 1943.

2. “Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt,” Vol. I, p. 583.

3. Walter Davenport, “I’m Glad You Asked Me” (interview with James Roosevelt), Collier’s Magazine, Aug. 20, 27, 1938.

4. Lists of James Roosevelt’s insurance clients were published in many newspapers. The New York Sun, October 20, 1936, published the names given here. The number, of course, was greatly increased later, particularly during the war.

5. Congressional Record, Mar. 13, 1940, p. 4352. See also Washington Post, Feb. 23, 1940 and New York World-Telegram, Feb. 24, 1940.

6. Report of American Sugar Cane League, December, 1938, printed in part in Chicago Tribune, June 5, 1939. See also “I’m Glad You Asked Me” (Collier’s, Aug. 27, 1938) in which James Roosevelt admits having this account.

7. Alva Johnston, “Jimmy’s Got It,” Saturday Evening Post, July 2, 1938. Also “I’m Glad You Asked Me,” Collier’s.

8. Arthur E. Mullen, “Western Democrat” (Wilford Funk, 1940), p. 321.

9. Westbrook Pegler in New York Journal-American, Aug. 29, 1945.

10. Congressional Record, Sept. 25, 1940. Also New York Times, Oct. 11, 1936 and Hearings before Special Senate Committee Investigating the Munitions Industry, Oct. 6, 1936.

11. Federal Communications Commission, Dockets Nos. 3964 and 3966, May 14, May 21, Aug. 13, 1936.

12. Hearings before Senate Committee Investigating the Rural Electrification Administration, May 22, 1944 (testimony of Lt. Clyde T. Ellis).

13. Hearings before Sub-Committee of Senate War Investigating Committee, August, 1947.

14. Westbrook Pegler in New York Journal-American, Nov. 6 and 9, 1945. I also investigated this subject personally.

15. Eleanor Roosevelt, “This Is My Story” (Garden City, 1939).

16. Mrs. Roosevelt’s appearance on these programs is a matter of public record. Westbrook Pegler has investigated and printed in full the details of her coffee and candy programs.

17. In 1940, I made a complete investigation of Mrs. Roosevelt’s earnings and obtained precise figures from agents and companies which employed her, including the sums she received from her lectures and radio performances. A complete list of her newspaper columns, her magazine and book publications, her lectures and radio programs revealed a minimum income in seven and one-half years of $1,200,000. An examination of her activities since indicates that the total sum over the 15-year period is not less than $3,000,000.

18. “Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt,” Vol. I, p. 583.

19. Hearings before House Committee on Un-American Activities, 1940-41.

20. Mrs. Roosevelt’s acceptance of gifts, her flouting of rationing regulations during the war, etc., are matters of public record in the newspapers of the time.

21. Alden Hatch, “Franklin D. Roosevelt, an Informal Biography” (Holt, 1947).

22. Rita S. Halle-Kleeman, “Gracious Lady, life of Sara Delano Roosevelt,” (Garden City, 1939).

23. Statement of Mrs. Barbour Walker, dean of William Smith-Hobart College at the time.

24. Frances Perkins, “The Roosevelt I Knew,” p. 34.

25. Edward J. Flynn, “You’re the Boss,” p. 212.

26. Frances Perkins, “The Roosevelt I Knew,” p. 12.

27. Edward J. Flynn, “You’re the Boss,” p. 67.

28. Statement by Alfred E. Smith to me.

29. Edward J. Flynn, “You’re the Boss,” p. 67.

30. Statement by Alfred E. Smith to me.

31. Compton Mackenzie, “Mr. Roosevelt” (Dutton, 1944), p. 143.

32. Edward J. Flynn, “You’re the Boss,” p. 68.

33. The facts about the payment of $250,000 to Roosevelt to run for governor were given to me by John J. Raskob, then chairman of the Democratic National Committee, and corroborated by former Lt. Gov. William Bray of New York State who was present during these negotiations.

34. Reports of the Georgia Warm Springs Foundation.

35. The Elliott Roosevelt-Franklin Roosevelt-Hartford loan episode was first told by Westbrook Pegler. Public statements made by Hartford and Jesse Jones and printed in the newspapers at the time completely substantiated all of Pegler’s statements. See also Hearings before House Committee on Ways and Means, September, 1945.

36. I am indebted for the correct statement of these facts to Mr. Philip H. Ward, a leading stamp authority and author of a column in Mekeel’s Weekly Stamp News, who investigated this whole subject.

37. Congressional Record, 77th Cong., 1st Sess., Vol. 87, Part 7, p. 7902.

38. Hearings before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Part I.

39. Congressional Record, 77th Cong., 1st Sess., Vol. 87, Part 8, p. 8314 (Admiral Stark’s report on the so-called Greer incident).

40. Hearings before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 15, Exhibits 49, 50 and 51.

41. Thomas A. Bailey, “The Man in the Street” (Macmillan, 1948).

42. New York Times Book Review, May 9, 1948.

43. Facts with relation to the Atlantic Charter meeting are taken from the testimony of Sumner Welles, Hearings before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Part II, pps. 479 et seq., and Part XIV containing Exhibits 22A, 22B and 22C, pps. 1255 et seq.

44. Jan Ciechanowski, “Defeat in Victory” (Doubleday, 1947), pps. 86, 87.

45.New Republic, Feb. 9, 1942.

46. Hearings before Joint Committee on Reduction of Non-Essential Federal Expenditures, June 1, 1943.

47. Facts about Bovingdon and Parmalee were first revealed by the House Committee on Un-American Activities.

48. Lawrence Sullivan, “Bureaucracy Runs Amuck” (Bobbs, Merrill, 1944). This volume contains an illuminating account of OPA and other wartime bureaus.

49. Henry L. Stimson, “On Active Service in Peace and War,” with MacGeorge Bundy (Harper, 1948), p. 495.

50. Ibid., pps. 492 to 495.

51. Congressional Record, 78th Cong., 1st Sess., Vol. 89, Part 13, pps. 5999, 6000.

52. John O’Donnell in New York Daily News, May 21, 1945.

53. Ibid., Apr. 12, 1944.

54. Walter Davenport, in Collier’s Magazine, June 3, 1944.

55. Phelps Adams in New York Sun, Apr. 17, 1944. See also editorial in New York Daily News, April 19, 1944.

56. New York Herald-Tribune, Nov. 7, 1942.

57. For an extensive account of the activities of the Federal Communications Commission, see Hearings before Select Committee (House) to Investigate the Federal Communications Commission, 1943.

58. Henry L. Stimson, “On Active Service in Peace and War,” pps. 413 to 448.

59. Jan Ciechanowski, “Defeat in Victory,” p. 80; New York Times, Sept. 25, 1941.

60. Jan Ciechanowski, “Defeat in Victory,” pps. 96, 97.

61. Ibid., p. 100.

62. Demaree Bess, “What Does Russia Want?”, Saturday Evening Post, March 20, 1943.

63. Forrest Davis, “Roosevelt’s World Blueprint,” Saturday Evening Post, April 10, 1943.

64. Jan Ciechanowski, “Defeat in Victory,” p. 231.

65. Elliott Roosevelt, “As He Saw It” (Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1946).

66. A detailed account of the exchanges between Hull and the Polish Ambassador will be found in Jan Ciechanowski’s “Defeat in Victory,” pps. 138 to 221. Mr. Ciechanowski was Polish Ambassador to the U. S. See also Arthur Bliss Lane’s “I Saw Poland Betrayed” (Bobbs, Merrill, 1948). Mr. Lane was American Ambassador to Poland.

67. John R. Deane, “Strange Alliance” (Viking, 1947), pps. 13 to 26.

68. Michael F. Reilly, “Reilly of the White House,” with William J. Slocum (Simon & Shuster, 1947), p. 162.

69. Elliott Roosevelt, “As He Saw It,” pps. 142, 143.

70. Edgar Snow, “60 Million Lost Allies,” Sat. Evening Post, June 10, 1944.

71. Elliott Roosevelt, “As He Saw It,” pps. 157 to 166.

72. Forrest Davis, “What Really Happened at Teheran” and “Roosevelt’s World Blueprint,” May 13, 20, 1944; April 10, 1943, Saturday Evening Post.

73. Elliott Roosevelt, “As He Saw It.”

74. John R. Deane, “Strange Alliance,” p. 43.

75. James F. Byrnes, “Speaking Frankly” (Harper, 1947), p. 71.

76. John R. Deane, “Strange Alliance,” pps. 41-43.

77. Ibid., p. 90.

78. Ibid., pps. 39-45.

79. David Martin, “Ally Betrayed,” (Prentice-Hall, 1946), pps. 224-231.

80. Louis Adamic, “Dinner at the White House” (Harper, 1946).

81. Elliott Roosevelt, “As He Saw It,” p. 202.

82. Ibid., pps. 186-194.

83. Ibid., pps. 209, 210. See also Henry L. Stimson, “On Active Service in Peace and War.”

84. Jan Ciechanowski, “Defeat in Victory,” p. 232.

85. Ibid., pps. 330-331.

86. Ibid., pps. 330-331.

87. Ross T. McIntire, “White House Physician,” p. 184.

88. “John N. Garner’s Story.”

89. James A. Farley, “Jim Farley’s Story,” pps. 108, 109.

90. Ibid.

91. Edward J. Flynn, “You’re the Boss,” p. 155.

92. James A. Farley, “Jim Farley’s Story,” p. 254.

93. Ross T. McIntire, “White House Physician,” p. 175.

94. Ibid., p. 184.

95. Ibid., p. 186.

96. Ibid., pps. 187, 188.

97. C. MacLaurin, “Post Mortem” (Doran, 1922); “Mere Mortals” (Doran, 1925).

98. The facts outlined in this chapter are drawn from Cordell Hull’s “Memoirs,” Henry L. Stimson’s “On Active Service in Peace and War,” and James F. Byrnes’ “Speaking Frankly,” all of whom tell in detail of the origins of the so-called Morgenthau Plan for Germany.

99. Excerpts from “The Morgenthau Diaries.”

100. James A. Farley, “Jim Farley’s Story,” p. 233.

101. James F. Byrnes, “Speaking Frankly,” p. 23.

102. Ibid., p. 29.

103. Ibid., p. 29.

104. John R. Deane, “Strange Alliance,” p. 247.

105. James F. Byrnes, “Speaking Frankly,” p. 43.

106. Ibid., p. 41.

107. New York Times, October 19, 1945.

108. New York Journal-American, Jan. 4 to Feb. 4, 1948 (a series of articles by the former Polish Premier Mikolajczyk).

109. William Henry Chamberlain, “The European Cockpit” (Macmillan, 1947), p. 144.

110. New York Times, Mar. 6, May 8, June 9, Sept. 26, Oct. 13, 1944.

111. Merriam Smith, “Thank You, Mr. President” (Harper, 1946).

112. Michael F. Reilly “Reilly of the White House,” p. 171, 176.

113. Ross T. McIntire, “White House Physician,” p. 24.

114. Elliott Roosevelt, “As He Saw It,” pps. 146-147.

115. Ibid.

116. Frances Perkins, “The Roosevelt I Knew,” p. 389.

117. Ross T. McIntire, “White House Physician,” p. 184.

118. Ibid., p. 194.

119. This was related to me by a high-ranking officer who sat only a few yards away from Roosevelt during the incident described and is corroborated by others present at the time.

120. Merriam Smith, “Thank You, Mr. President,” p. 159.

121. Frances Perkins, “The Roosevelt I Knew,” p. 391.

122. Ross T. McIntire, “White House Physician,” p. 232.

123. Merriam Smith, “Thank You, Mr. President,” p. 173.

124. Ross T. McIntire, “White House Physician,” p. 15.

125. Michael F. Reilly, “Reilly of the White House,” p. 196.

126. C. MacLaurin, “Post Mortem,” p. 208.

127. Ross T. McIntire, “White House Physician,” p. 239.

128. In examining the facts about Roosevelt’s death I have had the guidance of eminent medical authorities.