An Invalid Argument

It is claimed that a removal of tariffs will harm the capitalists who have invested in the production of the protected item-also, that it will harm the workers who have developed special skills. These are, at most, short run effects and tend to be overmagnified. Advocating tariffs on these grounds is the same as advocating sub sidies to protect candlemakers from the competition of electricity. Such arguments indicate, however, that it is politically difficult to remove restrictions once they have become established. Powerful minority interests vigorously with72 stand changes of this type. "Tariffs should be removed gradually," say some, "in order not to offend too severely those who have a direct interest in the protected indus try." This overlooks the persons who have long been offended by not being able to exchange to advantage. It argues that the offense to the consumer may be con tinued without injustices.