Index

A

Advantage of site and size, 93

Aggressive idleness, 4, 11, 29n, 57, 100–01, 101n

Aggressive selling, 73, 98, 100–01

Aggressor, in strike, 97

Alden and Hayward, 36n, 41n

Allotment hunting. See Quotahunting

Apparent withheld capacity, 29, 88–89

Availability, 25–26, 31, 32–33, 60

Avoidable costs, 81, 82–83, 97, 98–99

B

Bad employers, the, 4, 63

Bastiat, F., 49

Beveridge, Sir William, xiv, 36

Black-legging, 68, 97

Bleeding of Insurance Fund, 69

Bonuses for scarcity creation. SeeCompensation

Brassey and Chapman, 35, 67

C

Ca’ canny, 65, 78n

Cairnes, J.E., 10–11

Cannan, E., 11

Cartels, 52–54, 66–67, 68, 78, 100

Cassel, G., 3

Casual labor, 4, 32–35, 36–37, 42, 63, 65, 68–70

Causes of idleness, conception of, 5, 102

Chance of employment in a monopolized field 55–56, 60, 61, 62, 65

Chance of employment in unmonopolized field, 33–37

Chapman, Sir Sydney, 34, 67n

Charity Organization Society, 36

Children, 18–19, 22–23

Classical theories. SeeOrthodox economics

Collusive monoplies, 93, and passim

Compensation for leaving a trade, 59, 66–71

Compensation for withholding or exterminating capacity, 52–53, 55, 66–71, 78–79

Competition, conception of, 93–94

Consumers sovereignty, 13–15, 46, and passim

Contrived scarcities, 64, 74, 76, 78, 89

Cooperant processes and enforced idleness, 76–77

Cooperant processes and strike idleness, 96–99

Cooperant processes and withheld capacity, 82–88

Cooperation through exchange, willingness for, 14, 17

Comte Auguste, 10

Convict labor, 18–19

Craft unionism, 98

Cyclical idleness, 4, 106

D

Decasualization, 42–43, 65

Deception of consumers for their own good, 45–46

Deception of workers for their own good, 50, 90

Defender in strike, 97

Definition of idleness, chap. 1, App. to chap. 1

Definitions, principles of, 2–3, App. to chap. 1

Deflation, 81–82, 105–06

Degradation through idleness, 38–44, 50–51

Demand in general, studies of, xiv, 79–80, 81, 102–03

Demarcations, 73–74, 97–98

Depreciation, 15, 24–25, 31

Destruction of skill, 31–32

Dignity of the worker, 47, 49, 50

Dilution of participating rights through interloping, 55–57, 61–62

Dilution of participating rights through unemployment benefits, 59–60

Dilution of participating rights, through work-sharing, 70–71

Discriminatory charges, 61–62, 73

Discriminatory charging in the medical profession, 61

Disguised unemployment, 4, 75–76

Distributive scheme, xvi, 54–55, 68, 87, 104–06

Disutility and inducement to work, 2, 79–80

Diverted resources, 4, 9, 89, 73–77

Dole. SeeUnemployment insurance and assistance

E

Economic activity, increase in, 14

Educative restraints, 42–43, 49–50

Effective demand, 79–80

Empirical and logical criteria of idleness, 4–6

Employment optimal, x

sub-optimal, ix, x, xi

Employment exchanges, 24, 35

Enforced idleness, chap. ix, and passim

Equality, xv–xvi, 35–37, 43–44, 64, 65–71, 105

Equality of participating rights under work-sharing, 58

Expectation of earnings, 33–35, 61, 65n

Expectation of return, 7, 79–80

Extermination of capacity, 52–53,54–55

Extravagances of poor, 43–44

F

Feldman, H., 43

Firm, trade union regarded as, 70

Floating labor, 34–35

Frictional unemployment, 4, 74

Full employment, viii, 8–9, 16–17,28–29, 88–89

G

Glut and gluttability, 103

Good employers, 64

H

Harrod, R.F., 2n, 7n, 80

Hazlitt, Henry, x

Holidays, 38, 50

Hours of labor, 14, 52, 58, 70–71

Household services, 19, 40n

Hume, D., 13, 105

I

Ideal collusion,38–39

Idling, 9, 78–79n

Immigrant workers, 36

Income from availability, 26–27

Indeterminacy of participating rights, 52–53, 58, 59, 82–86, 96–99

Indignation at wage-cuts, 35, 46, 84–85

Indivisibilities, 28–29, 56, 88–89

Inducement to work, 2n, 52, 80

Industrial unionism, 97–98

Inevitability of restrictionism in the labor market, 90–92

Inevitable delays in changing occupations, 34, 35

Inflationary policies, 50, 90–92,105–06

Investment in availability, 26–27

Investment in persons, 19–20, 22–24, 31

Involuntary unemployment, 47–51, 90–92

Irrational choice or preference,45–46, 50–51

Irrational preferred idleness, chap. VI

Irrational withholding of capacity, 86–87, 90

J

Jones, Richard, 10

Just output, 53

K

Kaffir work, 39

Kahn, R.F., 5n Kaldor, N., 94

Keynes, J.M., vii, x, xiv, xv, 1n, 2, 6–847–49, 48n, 79, 90–91

Keynes, J. N., 10

Knoop, D., 68–69,77

L

Labor reserves, 32–37, 42–43

Labor transference, 35, 39

Laziness, 38–39, 42–44

Leisure, 2, 16–17, 19, 23, 38–42, 51, 81n

Level of employment, 6–7, 79–80

Live and let live, 85

Lock-out, 97

Loss of caste through low-wage employment, 60–61

Loyalty in price maintenance, 54–55

Loyalty in wage-rate maintenance, 66–67

M

Malthus, T.R., 3, 8, 10–11

Marshall, A., 104

Means test, the, 68

Measurement of utilization or idleness, impossibility of, 6–7

Medical profession, the, 61–62

Mercantilist speculations, 105–06

Mergers, 54, 96–97

Migration of communities, 20–21

Mill, J. S., ix, 11

Mills, F. C., 70n

Monetary theory, 81–83, 103–06

Money and money substitutes, quantity of, 81, 106–06

Monopolists’ optimum output,80–92, 96–97, 99

Monopoly, 16, 36–37, 52, 53n,54–57, 58–71, 69n, 74, 76, 77n, 78–81, 78n, 83–85, 86n88–89, 93–99

Multiple shift device, 38

N

National minimum of subsistence,19, 63–65

Natives of South Africa, 39,41n

Natural monopoly, 64, 78, 78n, 89, 93–95

Natural resources falling valueless,20–21

Net advantageousness of occupations 32–37, 40–41, 41n, 47–48, 55, 57

O

Odium attaching to employers of low-paid labor, 63–65

Orthodox economics, 8,12,47–49

Output, impossibility of measurement of, 6–7, 13–14, 45–46

Overcrowded occupations, 63–65, 65n

P

Parasitism,39, 64n, 70

Participating idleness, chap. VII, chap. VIII, and passim

Participating idleness in labor, chap. VIII, and passim

Participating idling, 61–62, 65n

Passive utilization, 22–24

Pensions, 64

Pigou, A. C, 3, 5n, 39

Policy-makers, xiv, 5, 20–21, 40–43, 45–46, 49–51, 65–66, 71, 87, 91–92,94

Poor whites, 39

Poverty, 35–37, 38–39, 40, 42, 43–44,63, 67

Poyntz, J.S., 36n, 60

Preferred idleness, chap. v, chap. vi, and passim

Pressure groups, 106

Price discrimination. See Discriminatory charges

Price-rings. See Cartels

Pride, 38–39

Priority of participating rights, 57, 59, 67, 72, 73, 100

Produced and non-produced resources, 1–2, 20

Professional etiquette, 62

Propensity to consume, 14, 81n Prospecting for employment,22–23

Prosperity, 104–05, 106

Proximate causes of idleness, 4–5, 102

Pseudo diverted resources, 27

Pseudo-idleness, chap. III, chap. IV, and passim

Pseudo-idleness in labor, chap. IV, and passim

Public utility control, 93–95

Public works, 105 Purchasing power, in general, 81–82, 103

Pure price depression, 80–82

Purely valueless resources, 14–17

Q

Quarrels among collusive monopolists, 54–55

Quotas, 52–54, 66–67, 100–01, and passim

Quota-hunting, 54-55, 100

R

Range of valuable resources,12–14, 16–17, 20–21, 106, 106n

Rare skills, 95

Rate of interest, 81n

Real wage-rates, 46–49

Reasonableness as determinant of prices and participating rights, 53–54, 61–62, 85–86, 88–89, 96–98, 100–01

Recklessness of poor, 43–44

Recruitment as diluting participating rights, 58–59

Recuperation, 23, 38

Reforms, Reformers. See Policymakers

Resentment at capitalist exploitation, 49, 50–51

Reserves of goods,29–30, 95

Reserves of labor,32–37

Restriction of entry, 59, 61–68, 73–77, 94–95

Retirements and departures as eliminating participating idleness, 58–59

Right to work, 58–61

Robinson, J., 75, 75n

Rogers, J.E. Thorold, 10

Rowntree and Lasker, 42

S

Scale of production advantage, 93

School leaving age, 18–19, 22

Scrap value, 15–16, 2o, 24–25, 27, 31, 55, 61–62, 65–66, 72, 70, 100

Seasonal idleness, 4

Senior, N.W., 42

Sharing of participating rights. SeeDilution

Sharing of poverty, 71

Short-time. See Work-sharing

Sidgwick, H., 4, 10

Slave economy, 19–20

Slump idleness, 4

Smith, Adam, 33, 33–34n42n

Soil erosion or exhaustion, 20–21

Sop, to displaced workers, 68–71

Spoiling the market, 86n

Stockbrokers, 61

Stocks of goods for sale, 29–30, 94–95

Strike idleness, 96–98

Strike, nature of, 76, 97, 98–99

Suitable employment, 3–4

Sweated industries, 36–37n, 63–65

T

Technical factor, the, 28, 88–89

Technological unemployment, 4, 74

Temporarily valueless resources, 12, 16, 19

Trade cycle, 80–92, 104–06

Teaching interests and entry to professions, 61–62

Trade unions, xii, 70

Types of idleness, 4–5, 11

U

Uncompleted equipment, 22

Unemployment insurance and assistance, 24, 40n, 66, 68–69

V

Vagrancy, 54–55

Valueless resources, chap. 11, and passim

W

Wage-fixation, 41n, 63–65, 69

Waste, xvi, 5, 28, 36, 53, 57n, 73–76, 78, 78–79n, 86, 94, 99, 106

Wastes of competition, the, 57

Webb, Sidney, 70

Webb and Freeman, 36n

Wicksteed, P.H., 45

Withheld capacity, chap. x, and passim

Work-sharing, 14, 66–67, 70, 78