Index

INDEX Abraham, 41 Absentee owners, 239-41, 265,273 Adam, 5,34 Ages of a population, 25-6 Agreeableness of an occupation, 203, 226-7 Agricultural labour, produc tiveness of, 40-62; earn ings of, 200-1 Allowances and income, 167 America, 29, 46-7, 88, 175, 190-1 Appreciation of investments, 194-5 Arithmetical ratio of increase of food, 45-8 Armed peace, 79 Astor inheritance, 191 Australia, 88, 190 Bacon, 3 Bagehot, 17 Balance of trade, 234-43, 268, 277 Banks, 95-9 Barter, 89 Bequest, 149-50, 191 Berkeley, 264 Bimetallism, 92-3 Bombay, 31 Brazil,29 Brobdingnag, 18 Bullion theory of national wealth, 235 Buying and selling, 88-9 Canals, 86 Capital, 20-2, 39, 103-7, 171-8 Capitalist, 106 Carnegie, 164, 274 Carolina, South, 31 Carriage, cost of, in international trade, 235-9 Ceylon, 29 Chaos, 64 Cheques, 99 Children, 67-9, 107, 191-2, 216--1 7 China, 263 Churches, 208-9 Classes in distribution, 168 Climate, 280-1 Clothes, stock of, 144 Coins, 90-5 Colbertism, 170 Combination of labour, 26 Conceit, 202-3 Constant returns, 59 Consumer, 100, 106 Convertibility, 97 Co-operation, 27-39, 76-7; of States, 80-1 Copyjights, 142 Com-law controversy, 50 288 INDEX Cotton manufacture, 252 Country, 76-7; wealth of a, 263-87 County, wealth of a, 269-78 Crusoe, 5 Currency, 88-99; deprecia tion of, 98, 195 Cystom,81-3 Customs duties and nationality, 265-7 Death duties, 131-3, 230 Debasement, 91 Demand, 100-21; of insti tutions, 120-1 Depreciation, provision for, 152-3; of currencies,98,195 Dexterity, 36-8 Diamonds, value of, 107 Diminishing returns, 48-62, 2O<rl Distribution of income, 167, 179-217 Division of labour, 27-39 Domestic service, 100 Double standard, 92 Durham., 269-78 Dwelling-places, property in, 70-1, 73 Economics, 1-5 Economistes, 170 Eden, 41 Education, 36-8, 159, 194, 204-5, 208 Efficiency, 196-7, 270-1, 279-80 Elasticity of demand, I I 720, 183-4 Emigration, 274-5, 285-7 Employers, 101, 103, 105-6 Employment and protection,245-9 Entrepreneur, 105-6 Eve, 5, 34 Family, 67-9 Family income, 220-2 Fat woman, 178 Fees, 172 Final utility, 107-13 Fiscal policy, 234-62 Foreign investments, 77, 239-4 1 Foreign trade, 76-7, 234-62 Foreigner, taxation of the, 80, 254-60, 278 France, depreciation of cur·..

rency in, 91; tobacco monopoly, 163 Fraud, 148-9 Free Trade, 244 Furniture, 144 Future, 13-16, 122-42 Gain, chance of, 201-3 Game, 73-5 Gasworks, 86 Geometrical ratio of increase of population, 45 Germany, depreciation of currency in, 98 Gifts, 150-1, 192-3 Gladstone, 64, 131 Godwin, William, 45 Goldsmiths, 95 Greek opinion on population, 42 Grosvenor inheritance, 191 Groupal property, 74 Harvest, value of the, 108 10 Health, 25 Hereditary inequality, 18993, 207-10 29° Herefordshire, 269-78 Highways, 83-6 Houses, 144 INDEX King, Gregory, 108 Knowledge, 7-8, 1<)-20, 38, 122-5, 137-9 Immigration, 274-5, 285-7 Improvements, 7-10, 18-22 ; of land, 176-7 Income, 143-67; definition of, 160; classification of, 168-7 8 ; aggregate, 179 80; division between pro perty and labour, 179-88 ; between owners of pro perty, 189-95; between workers, 196-217; the relation between, and wealth, 218-33 Inconvertible notes, 97-8 Increasing returns, 55-9 India, 239, 263 Individual, 67 Industry, differences of, 196-7 Infant industry, 251-2 Inheritance, 149; inequal ity of, 189-93, 207-10; tAxes on, 192 Institutions, demand of, 120-1; income of, 161-5 Interest, 13-16, 101-2, 127 9, 134-4 2, 176 International trade, 75-7, 234-62 Invention, 7-8, 60, 137-9, 186 jamaica, 29 jersey, 29 ]evons, W. S., 110-11 judgment, 10-16, 22-5, 225-6 jupiter, 64 Labour, not an evil, 10-12, 22-3; not creative of value, 198 Laisser-faire, 82, 249-50 Lancashire, 3I Land, property in, 71-6; improvements of, 175-7 Landlords, 102 Lewinski, jan St., 74 Life-ann uity, 157-8, 160 Lilliput, 18 Loans, kinds of, 101-2 Localization of industry, 2834 London, 283 Lot, 41 Lottery, 202 Mahommed,3 Malthus, T. R., 45-8, 50-I, 57 Management, earnings of, 174-6 Marginal expenditure, 11314 Marginal utility, 107-13 Marshall, A., 117, 177 Mercantile system, 243 Migration, 247, 274-5 Mill, J. S., 17, 54-5, 251, 287 Mint, 95 Money, 88-99 Morgan, Pier-POnt, 186, 191 Nations, 78, 264; wealth of, 263-87 Natural qualities, 5-7, I7-IB Netherlands, 283 New countries, 285 lNDEX Newton, Isaac, 59 Notes, bank and other, 95-8 Occupations, choice of, 68-9, 107; earnings of different, 197-2 10; in rela tion to national earnings, 282- ....

Old countries, 285 Optimum population, 59-62 ~ganization,63-87 Ornament, 108 Owners and workers, in comes of, ISo Panama Canal, 283 Paper money, 95-8, 195 Patents, 142 Penny, 91 Pensions, 150-1 Physiocrats, 170 Police, 79 Poor-law, 87 Population, 26, 40-62, 69, 247-8; and interest, 137 ; and Protection, 245-8 Pound sterling, 91 Prescription, 70-1 Present and future, 13-16, 24-5, 122-4 2 Price, Bonamy, 64 Prices, 100-21 Primogeniture, 191 Profit, 103, 106, 127-8, 152, 168-7 8 Progressive taxes, 166, 192, 228, 230 Property, 67, 69-77, 83-5; and labour, 180-8; in comes from, 151-8, 2tS9 95; of absentees, 239-4 1 ; and national wealth, 2724. 284-5 Protection, 51, 243-54 Providence, 13-16, 24-5, 130 , 133 Quasi-rent, 177 Quesnay, Fran~ois, 170 Racial qualities, 279-82 Railways, 84-6, 138 Rainy day, saving for, 126-7 Rand, the, 29 Rates, 221 Religion, 17 Rent, 102, 128-g, 168-7 8 Repose, 12 .

Ricardo, David, 51, 58,176-7 Risk, 103 Roads, 83-6 Robbery, 148 Rothschilds, 191 Royalties, 155-7, 172 Salaries, 172 Saturn, 64 Saving, 8-10, 13-16, 24-5, 122-4 2, 193-5, 222-3 Scotland, depreciation of currency, 91 Seager, Henry Rogers, rgo Selling and buying, 88-9 Services, 144, 147, 218-19; international, 239 Sewers, 86 Shakespeare, 3 Siamese Twins, 177 Silver coins, 93-5 Smith, Adam, 169-76, 200, 204, 243, 264 Standard coin, 94 States, 67, 77-87, 8g~ 121, 131-2, 161-5, 208-9 Stock, 103-4, 176 Stomach, 200 Subsidiary coins, 94 INDEX Subscriptions, 221 Suez Canal, 161, 164, 283 Tableau eCDn01nique, 170 Tale, coins accepted by, 90 Taxes, 131-2, 161-5, 254-60 Telegraph, 86 ~ Telephone, 86, 215 Tenerife,29 Territorial division of labour, 34 Territory, 71-4, 77-8, I64-S, 263-87 Time, limitation of, II, 22-3 Token coins, 94 Tom Thumb, 177 Trade union, 210 Training, cost of, 204-10 Tribute, 241-2 Turgot, A. R. J., 49, 56 Typewriter, 215 Undertaker, 17S-6 Unemployed, 66 United States, 190, 283 Utility, 107-21, 227-31 Value, 107-21, 182 Vanderbilt, 190-1 Virginia, 42 Wages, IS8, 168--78, 180-2, 196-217 Waitresses, 21S Wallace, Robert, 43-S Wants, 100-21, 223-5 Wa.r, 42 -3, 79 Warwick the Kingmaker, 186 Water, value of, 107 Waterworks, 86 Wealth, 1 ; of inhabitants of territories, 263-87 West, Sir Edward, 51-2, S8 William the Conqueror, 191 Women's earnings, 210-17