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Illustrated Episode · Volume I, chapter 48 · 27 January 1683

Sword drawn, trumpet sounding

A heavy man in a brown winter coat and broad-brimmed hat rides a bay horse down a village street, sword raised, with a trumpeter at his side and armed riders behind, while villagers watch from their doors.
Hampton, New Hampshire, January 1683. Edward Gove rides into town at the head of a dozen armed horsemen, his sword drawn and a trumpet sounding, to raise the colony against Governor Cranfield and his taxes. Nobody else rises, and the Hampton militia arrest the band. Rothbard calls the rising premature, but the fight against Cranfield went on until it broke him. Chapter 48 of Conceived in Liberty.

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Adapted from Murray N. Rothbard, Conceived in Liberty (Mises Institute, 2011), CC BY 3.0.

What happened

Edward Cranfield arrived in October 1682 as New Hampshire's first royal governor and set about ruling by decree. He dissolved the Assembly, imposed taxes on his own authority, and pressed Robert Mason's claim to quitrents on the settlers' land. Edward Gove, a prosperous landowner and Assembly deputy from Hampton, decided the answer was rebellion. He told anyone who would listen that the governor's commission was void and that his own sword was drawn and would stay drawn "till he knew who should hold the government." On 27 January 1683 he rode to Exeter, gathered about a dozen mounted men, most of them young, armed with swords, pistols and guns, and came back into Hampton at their head with a trumpet sounding. The leading men he had called on stayed home. The Hampton militia seized the whole party, and only the trumpeter got away. Gove was tried for high treason in the first days of February, sentenced to a traitor's death, and shipped across the ocean to the Tower of London. Rothbard calls the rising premature: Gove had moved before the colony was ready to move with him. But the resistance did not stop with his arrest. The people refused Cranfield's taxes, nobody would buy the land he seized, and in the end the governor was broken and gone (CiL, pp. 353-356). James II pardoned Gove in 1685 and set him free.

Sources

  1. Murray N. Rothbard, Conceived in Liberty (Auburn, Ala.: Mises Institute, 2011 single-volume ed.), vol. I, ch. 48, pp. 351-356. CC BY 3.0. Rothbard
  2. Nathaniel Bouton, ed., Documents and Records Relating to the Province of New-Hampshire, from the Earliest Period of its Settlement, 1623-1686 (Concord: G. E. Jenks, 1867), pp. 493-496, Edward Randolph's report to the Lords of Trade on Gove's rising and trial. Primary source
  3. Joseph Dow, History of the Town of Hampton, New Hampshire (Salem, Mass., 1893), ch. 5, 'Edward Gove's Insurrection', quoting Randolph and the depositions; read on the Lane Memorial Library's Hampton history site. Secondary source
  4. New England Historical Society, 'Edward Gove and His One-Man Revolution of 1683' (accessed 2026-09-29), drawing on William Henry Gove, The Gove Book. Secondary source
  5. David Hackett Fischer, Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 'Massachusetts Dress Ways'. Secondary source
  6. New England Historical Society, 'The Puritan Dress Code and the Outrage of Slashed Sleeves' (accessed 2026-09-29). Secondary source
  7. Pilgrim Hall Museum, 'Arms & Armor' (accessed 2026-09-29). Secondary source