Conceived in Liberty Companion · Volume IV, chapter 42 · 28 June 1778
No chance to explain
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Adapted from Murray N. Rothbard, Conceived in Liberty (Mises Institute, 2011), CC BY 3.0.
The story, from several sources
This account blends Rothbard’s chapter with the other sources listed below and has not yet been separated into Rothbard’s own account and the fuller story. Read Rothbard’s chapter 42 for his account.
The British had to get out of Philadelphia, and in June 1778 General Clinton marched ten thousand men across New Jersey toward New York, strung out and weighed down with baggage. Washington’s army, swelled to eleven thousand, followed. At a council of war Lee argued that it would be criminal to risk a general fight against Clinton’s trained troops: better to build a bridge of gold and speed him on his way. Washington, backed by Wayne, Lafayette and Hamilton, wanted to attack. Lee refused to lead a small force, then took the front when it grew to five thousand men. On 28 June, near Monmouth Court House, Clinton’s main body stood behind the rearguard. Lafayette pulled back without orders, others followed, and Lee retreated in good order. Washington rode up, gave him no chance to explain, and cursed him in front of the soldiers. Rothbard calls the order to attack Washington’s alone and the retreat required by the circumstances. The battle ended in a draw with about 350 casualties on either side, and Clinton slipped away to Sandy Hook. Lee wrote Washington an angry letter and was court-martialled, found guilty and suspended for a year. When he denounced Congress for approving the verdict, he was discharged. Even Clinton thought the treatment of him grossly unjust.
Where the record differs from Rothbard
Errata notes. Rothbard’s text and his account above are left as he wrote them. Every erratum.
- Conceived in Liberty, p. 1343
- Rothbard says Washington ‘cursed Lee publicly in a vile manner’.
- The evidence Hamilton (‘an awful adjuration’), Lafayette (‘a damned poltroon’) and Scott report swearing, years later (American Heritage, 1965); Tilghman, who was present, and Lee’s own court-martial testimony record a stern demand for ‘the reason for this disorder and confusion’ and the remark that Lee ought not to have undertaken the attack unless he meant to go through with it, and Lee called it ‘very singular expressions’ (Journal of the American Revolution, 2022; American Battlefield Trust).
- Source Journal of the American Revolution, 2022; American Battlefield Trust
Read and listen
- Read chapter 42, “The Battle of Monmouth and the Ouster of Lee”, the full text online
- Listen to chapter 42 read aloud in Conceived in Liberty, Volume IV
- Conceived in Liberty by Murray N. Rothbard: downloads and details
- Read the whole book online
- Every Episode on the timeline, in the order they happened
- All the Conceived in Liberty paintings, in the art gallery
Sources
- Murray N. Rothbard, Conceived in Liberty (Auburn, Ala.: Mises Institute, 2011 single-volume ed.), vol. IV, ch. 42, ‘The Battle of Monmouth and the Ouster of Lee’, pp. 1341-1345. CC BY 3.0. Rothbard
- ‘Did George Washington Swear at Charles Lee During the Battle of Monmouth?’, Journal of the American Revolution (2022; accessed 2026-10-02), through a fetch summary: about 12:45 p.m. near the Middle Ravine; Washington on a white horse, Lee on a brown; Tilghman’s, McHenry’s and Brooks’s accounts; Washington’s demand for ‘the reason for this disorder and confusion’; Lee’s ‘very singular expressions’. Secondary source
- ‘Washington at Monmouth’, American Heritage 16:4 (June 1965; accessed 2026-10-02), through a fetch summary: Washington’s horse was white; Hamilton’s ‘an awful adjuration’ and Lafayette’s ‘a damned poltroon’; terrific heat, 96 degrees in the shade. Secondary source
- ‘Major General Charles Lee and the Battle of Monmouth’, American Battlefield Trust (accessed 2026-10-02), through a fetch summary: Lee on a hill near the Rhea farm; Washington’s words ‘what is the reason ... of this disorder and confusion’; later swearing stories called exaggerations. Secondary source
- John U. Rees, ‘That damned blue Regiment: Continental Army Clothing during the Monmouth Campaign’ (revwar75.com; accessed 2026-10-02), through a fetch summary: Lee’s advance troops left their coats behind; Jackson’s regiment kept blue coats; linen hunting shirts and overalls as warm-weather wear. Secondary source
- ‘Battle of Monmouth’, Wikipedia (accessed 2026-10-02): 28 June 1778; a heat wave with temperatures often above 90 degrees; the exchange near Ker’s House at about 12:45 p.m. Secondary source